Siani Merav, Ben-Zvi Assaraf Orit
Science and Technology Education Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
J Genet Couns. 2016 Jun;25(3):596-609. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9918-5. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
The main objective of this study was to shed light on the moral reasoning of undergraduate Israeli students towards genetic dilemmas, and on how these are affected by their religious affiliation, by the field they study and by their gender. An open ended questionnaire was distributed among 449 undergraduate students in institutions of higher education in Israel, and their answers were analyzed according to the framework described by Sadler and Zeidler (Science Education, 88(1), 4-27, 2004). They were divided into two major categories: those whose reasoning was based on the consideration of moral consequences (MC), and those who supported their opinion by citing non-consequentialist moral principles (MP). Students' elaborations to questions dealing with values towards genetic testing showed a correlation between the students' religious affiliation and their reasoning, with religious students' elaborations tending to be more principle based than those of secular ones. Overall, the students' elaborations indicate that their main concern is the possibility that their personal genetic information will be exposed, and that their body's personal rights will be violated. We conclude the paper by offering several practical recommendations based on our findings for genetic counseling that is specifically tailored to fit different patients according to their background.
本研究的主要目的是阐明以色列本科学生对基因困境的道德推理，以及他们的宗教信仰、所学专业和性别如何影响这些推理。我们向以色列高等教育机构的449名本科学生发放了一份开放式问卷，并根据萨德勒和蔡德勒（《科学教育》，第88卷第1期，第4 - 27页，2004年）所描述的框架对他们的回答进行了分析。他们被分为两大类：一类是推理基于对道德后果的考量（MC），另一类是通过引用非结果主义道德原则（MP）来支持自己观点的人。学生们对有关基因检测价值观问题的阐述表明，学生的宗教信仰与其推理之间存在关联，宗教学生的阐述往往比世俗学生的阐述更基于原则。总体而言，学生们的阐述表明，他们主要担心的是个人基因信息可能会被泄露，以及身体的个人权利会受到侵犯。我们在论文结尾根据研究结果为基因咨询提供了一些实用建议，这些建议是专门针对不同背景的患者量身定制的。
