Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre (C-MARC), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre (C-MARC), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Feb;99(Pt B):452-458. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.023. Epub 2015 Nov 28.
To determine the association between a heavy vehicle driver's work environment, including fatigue-related characteristics, and the risk of a crash in Western Australia.
This case-control study included 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers who were involved in a police-reported crash in WA and 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers recruited from WA truck stops, who were not involved in a crash in the previous 12 months. Driver demographics and driving details, work environment, vehicle and sleep-related characteristics were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Drivers were tested for obstructive sleep apnoea using an overnight diagnostic device. Conditional multiple logistic regression analysis was undertaken to determine work environment-related factors associated with crash involvement.
After accounting for potential confounders, driving a heavy vehicle with an empty load was associated with almost a three-fold increased crash risk compared to carrying general freight (adjusted OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.17-7.34). Driving a rigid heavy vehicle was associated with a four-fold increased risk of crashing compared to articulated heavy vehicles (adjusted OR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.13-14.68). The risk of crashing was almost five times higher when driving more than 50% of the trip between midnight and 5.59am (adjusted OR: 4.86, 95% CI: 1.47-16.07). Furthermore, the risk of crashing significantly increased if the time since the last break on the index trip was greater than 2h (adjusted OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.14-4.17). Drivers with more than 10 years driving experience were 52% less likely to be involved in a crash (adjusted OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.99).
The results provide support for an association between a driver's work environment, fatigue-related factors, and the risk of heavy vehicle crash involvement. Greater attention needs to be paid to the creation of a safer work environment for long distance heavy vehicle drivers.
确定西澳大利亚重型车辆驾驶员工作环境（包括与疲劳相关的特征）与撞车风险之间的关联。
这项病例对照研究纳入了 100 名在西澳大利亚州发生警方报告的撞车事故的长途重型车辆驾驶员和 100 名从西澳大利亚州卡车停靠站招募的、在过去 12 个月内未发生撞车事故的长途重型车辆驾驶员。使用访谈者管理的问卷获取驾驶员的人口统计学和驾驶细节、工作环境、车辆和睡眠相关特征。使用夜间诊断设备对驾驶员进行阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停检测。采用条件多变量逻辑回归分析确定与撞车事故相关的工作环境因素。
在考虑到潜在混杂因素后，与运输普通货物相比，空车驾驶重型车辆与近三倍的撞车事故风险相关（校正比值比：2.93，95%可信区间：1.17-7.34）。与铰接式重型车辆相比，驾驶刚性重型车辆与四倍的撞车事故风险相关（校正比值比：4.08，95%可信区间：1.13-14.68）。夜间 12 点至 5 点 59 分之间的行驶里程超过 50%时，撞车事故的风险几乎增加了五倍（校正比值比：4.86，95%可信区间：1.47-16.07）。此外，如果上次休息后的时间超过 2 小时，则撞车事故的风险显著增加（校正比值比：2.18，95%可信区间：1.14-4.17）。驾驶经验超过 10 年的驾驶员发生撞车事故的风险降低 52%（校正比值比：0.48，95%可信区间：0.23-0.99）。
研究结果支持驾驶员工作环境、与疲劳相关的因素与重型车辆撞车事故风险之间存在关联。需要更加关注为长途重型车辆驾驶员创造更安全的工作环境。
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