Crane G D, Abbott P V
School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
Aust Dent J. 2016 Sep;61(3):277-81. doi: 10.1111/adj.12389.
The purpose of this article was to review the literature and provide guidelines on the use of radiation protection for patients in the dental setting. There are limited published data on the effects of low radiation doses such as those used in dental radiology. Most of the evidence is subject to bias, with risk models extrapolated from higher dose models such as studies of the Hiroshima bomb survivors. However, the lack of evidence does not denote the absence of risk, as there is no established 'safe' level of radiation exposure. All imaging utilizing ionizing radiation carries a risk for the patient. Hence the patient benefits of imaging must outweigh the potential risk. All diagnostic imaging should adhere to three basic principles, these being justification, optimization and application of dose limits. This article discusses dose reduction techniques and shielding of sensitive organs, particularly the thyroid, during procedures such as intraoral imaging, orthopantomograms and imaging of the pregnant patient.
本文旨在回顾相关文献，并提供在牙科环境中对患者使用辐射防护的指导方针。关于牙科放射学中使用的低辐射剂量的影响，已发表的数据有限。大多数证据存在偏差，风险模型是从广岛原子弹幸存者等较高剂量模型推断而来的。然而，缺乏证据并不意味着没有风险，因为目前尚无确定的“安全”辐射暴露水平。所有利用电离辐射的成像对患者都有风险。因此，成像给患者带来的益处必须超过潜在风险。所有诊断成像都应遵循三个基本原则，即正当性、优化和应用剂量限值。本文讨论了在口腔内成像、全景曲面断层摄影以及孕妇成像等程序中减少剂量的技术和对敏感器官（特别是甲状腺）的屏蔽。
