Yu Xiaodan, Liu Jie, Li Dawei, Liu Hang, Cui Jiaxin, Zhou Xinlin
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Siegler Center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Department of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China.
Psychol Res. 2016 May;80(3):410-21. doi: 10.1007/s00426-015-0730-5. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Studies have found that spatial-numerical associations could extend to arithmetic. Addition leads to rightward shift in spatial attention while subtraction leads to leftward shift (e.g., Knops et al. 2009; McCrink et al. 2007; Pinhas & Fischer 2008), which is consistent with the hypothesis of static mental number line (MNL) for arithmetic. The current investigation tested the hypothesis of dynamic mental number line which was shaped by the relative magnitudes of two operands in simple arithmetic. Horizontal and vertical electrooculograms (HEOG and VEOG) during simple arithmetic were recorded. Results showed that the direction of eye movements was dependent on the relative magnitudes of two operands. Subtraction was associated with larger rightward eye movements than addition (Experiment 1), and smaller-operand-first addition (e.g., 2+9) was associated with larger rightward eye movement than larger-operand-first addition (e.g., 9+2) only when the difference of two operands was large (Experiment 2). The results suggest that the direction of the mental number line could be dynamic during simple arithmetic, and that the eyes move along the dynamic mental number line to search for solutions.
研究发现，空间数字关联可能延伸至算术运算。加法会导致空间注意力向右转移，而减法会导致空间注意力向左转移（例如，克诺普斯等人，2009年；麦克林克等人，2007年；皮尼亚斯和菲舍尔，2008年），这与算术运算的静态心理数字线（MNL）假说相符。当前的研究对动态心理数字线假说进行了测试，该假说由简单算术中两个操作数的相对大小所塑造。记录了简单算术运算过程中的水平和垂直眼电图（HEOG和VEOG）。结果表明，眼球运动的方向取决于两个操作数的相对大小。减法运算比加法运算伴随更大幅度的向右眼球运动（实验1），并且只有当两个操作数的差值较大时，较小操作数在前的加法运算（例如2 + 9）比更大操作数在前的加法运算（例如9 + 2）伴随更大幅度的向右眼球运动（实验2）。结果表明，在简单算术运算过程中，心理数字线的方向可能是动态的，并且眼睛会沿着动态心理数字线移动以寻找解决方案。
