Shprecher David R, Kious Brent M, Himle Michael H
Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
Discov Med. 2015 Nov;20(111):295-301.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by semi-involuntary, repetitive movements and sounds (motor and phonic tics). Transient tics in childhood are common, and their persistence in TS may be due to failure of maturation of frontal-subcortical circuits mediated by genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Tic improvement by young adult years is common, but its mechanism and predictive factors are unclear. Though tics can often be managed with nonmedical therapies, pharmacotherapy is often used for refractory, severe, or injurious tics but is complicated by side effects and incomplete benefit. This review summarizes the current understanding of TS pathophysiology, current and future treatment options, and recommendations for future research.
抽动秽语综合征（TS）是一种起病于儿童期的神经发育障碍，其特征为半不自主的重复性运动和声音（运动性和发声性抽动）。儿童期的短暂抽动很常见，而它们在TS中的持续存在可能是由于由遗传易感性和环境因素介导的额叶 - 皮质下回路成熟失败所致。到青年期抽动改善很常见，但其机制和预测因素尚不清楚。尽管抽动通常可以通过非药物疗法进行管理，但药物疗法常用于难治性、严重或有伤害性的抽动，但会因副作用和疗效不完全而变得复杂。本综述总结了目前对TS病理生理学的认识、当前和未来的治疗选择以及对未来研究的建议。
