Yang Hua, Brackett Craig M, Morales-Tirado Vanessa Marie, Li Zezhong, Zhang Qing, Wilson Matthew W, Benjamin Camille, Harris Wayne, Waller Edmund K, Gudkov Andrei V, Burdelya Lyudmila G, Grossniklaus Hans E
Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 19;7(3):2936-50. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6500.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary cancer of the eye in adults and progresses to metastatic disease predominantly of the liver in ~50% of patients. In these cases, life expectancy averages just 9 months due to the lack of effective treatment options. The Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist entolimod (former name CBLB502) rapidly activates TLR5-NF-κB signaling in hepatocytes and suppresses growth of both TLR5-expressing and non-expressing tumors in the liver through mobilization and activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. The goal of this study was to explore the potential of entolimod as an immunotherapeutic agent against hepatic metastasis of UM using the TLR5-positive B16LS9 mouse model of ocular melanoma. Mice were given seven subcutaneous injections of vehicle or entolimod given 72 h apart started one day before, on the same day or three days after intraocular injection of B16LS9 cells. All tested regimens of entolimod treatment resulted in significantly reduced B16LS9 metastasis to the liver. Entolimod induced mobilization of natural killer (NK) cells to the liver and stimulated their maturation, differentiation and activation. Antibody-mediated depletion of NK cells from mice abrogated entolimod's antimetastatic activity in the liver and eliminated the entolimod-elicited in vitro cytotoxic activity of hepatic lymphocytes against B16LS9 cells. These results provide pre-clinical evidence of entolimod's efficacy against hepatometastasis of UM and support its further development as an anticancer immunotherapeutic drug.
葡萄膜黑色素瘤(UM)是成人中最常见的原发性眼部癌症,约50%的患者会进展为主要转移至肝脏的转移性疾病。在这些病例中,由于缺乏有效的治疗选择,平均预期寿命仅为9个月。Toll样受体5(TLR5)激动剂恩托利莫德(原名CBLB502)可在肝细胞中快速激活TLR5-NF-κB信号通路,并通过调动和激活先天性和适应性免疫机制,抑制肝脏中表达和不表达TLR5的肿瘤生长。本研究的目的是利用眼部黑色素瘤的TLR5阳性B16LS9小鼠模型,探索恩托利莫德作为抗UM肝转移免疫治疗药物的潜力。在眼内注射B16LS9细胞前一天、同一天或三天后,给小鼠皮下注射七次赋形剂或恩托利莫德,每次间隔72小时。所有测试的恩托利莫德治疗方案均导致B16LS9向肝脏的转移显著减少。恩托利莫德诱导自然杀伤(NK)细胞向肝脏动员,并刺激其成熟、分化和激活。抗体介导的小鼠NK细胞耗竭消除了恩托利莫德在肝脏中的抗转移活性,并消除了恩托利莫德诱导的肝淋巴细胞对B16LS9细胞的体外细胞毒性活性。这些结果为恩托利莫德抗UM肝转移的疗效提供了临床前证据,并支持其作为抗癌免疫治疗药物的进一步开发。
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