Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2016 Jan 30;235:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.048. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
Panic attacks occurring outside of Panic Disorder are not well-understood despite their inclusion as a diagnostic specifier in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This study compares panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder compared to social anxiety in terms of their symptom frequency, severity, and clinical correlates.
Participants (n=404) were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV-L; Brown et al., 1994), from which we analyzed interviewer ratings of panic attacks and panic attack symptoms, as well as other demographic and clinical characteristics.
Panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder were characterized by a greater number and severity of symptoms compared to panic attacks in the context of Social Anxiety Disorder, and were associated with a history of traumatization, inpatient psychiatric treatment, and benzodiazepine use. Social anxiety panic attacks were associated with reduced physical health concerns. Cognitive panic attack symptoms were more prevalent in Panic Disorder and were associated with a variety of poor clinical correlates.
Panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder are more severe than those in social anxiety, and this may be driven by cognitive disturbances during those attacks.
尽管在《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第五版）》（DSM-5）中，将其作为诊断标准之一，但对发生于惊恐障碍之外的惊恐发作，人们仍知之甚少。本研究从发作频率、严重程度和临床相关因素方面，比较了惊恐障碍和社交焦虑症背景下的惊恐发作。
采用《焦虑障碍访谈量表（第四版修订版）》（ADIS-IV-L；Brown 等人，1994）对参与者（n=404）进行访谈，我们分析了访谈中惊恐发作和惊恐发作症状的评估，以及其他人口统计学和临床特征。
与社交焦虑障碍背景下的惊恐发作相比，惊恐障碍背景下的惊恐发作症状更多、更严重，与创伤史、住院精神科治疗和苯二氮䓬类药物的使用有关。社交焦虑惊恐发作与身体健康问题的减少有关。认知性惊恐发作症状在惊恐障碍中更为普遍，与多种不良临床相关因素有关。
惊恐障碍背景下的惊恐发作比社交焦虑症中的更为严重，这可能是由于这些发作期间的认知障碍所致。
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