Drap Pierre, Merad Djamal, Hijazi Bilal, Gaoua Lamia, Nawaf Mohamad Motasem, Saccone Mauro, Chemisky Bertrand, Seinturier Julien, Sourisseau Jean-Christophe, Gambin Timmy, Castro Filipe
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
COMEX, COmpanie Maritime d'EXpertise 36 boulevard des Océans, 13009 Marseille, France.
Sensors (Basel). 2015 Dec 4;15(12):30351-84. doi: 10.3390/s151229802.
In this paper we present a photogrammetry-based approach for deep-sea underwater surveys conducted from a submarine and guided by knowledge-representation combined with a logical approach (ontology). Two major issues are discussed in this paper. The first concerns deep-sea surveys using photogrammetry from a submarine. Here the goal was to obtain a set of images that completely covered the selected site. Subsequently and based on these images, a low-resolution 3D model is obtained in real-time, followed by a very high-resolution model produced back in the laboratory. The second issue involves the extraction of known artefacts present on the site. This aspect of the research is based on an a priori representation of the knowledge involved using systematic reasoning. Two parallel processes were developed to represent the photogrammetric process used for surveying as well as for identifying archaeological artefacts visible on the sea floor. Mapping involved the use of the CIDOC-CRM system (International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC)-Conceptual Reference Model)-This is a system that has been previously utilised to in the heritage sector and is largely available to the established scientific community. The proposed theoretical representation is based on procedural attachment; moreover, a strong link is maintained between the ontological description of the modelled concepts and the Java programming language which permitted 3D structure estimation and modelling based on a set of oriented images. A very recently discovered shipwreck acted as a testing ground for this project; the Xelendi Phoenician shipwreck, found off the Maltese coast, is probably the oldest known shipwreck in the western Mediterranean. The approach presented in this paper was developed in the scope of the GROPLAN project (Généralisation du Relevé, avec Ontologies et Photogrammétrie, pour l'Archéologie Navale et Sous-marine). Financed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) for four years, this project associates two French research laboratories, an industrial partner, the University of Malta, and Texas A & M University.
在本文中，我们提出了一种基于摄影测量的方法，用于从潜艇上进行深海水下勘测，并由知识表示结合逻辑方法（本体）来引导。本文讨论了两个主要问题。第一个问题涉及利用潜艇上的摄影测量进行深海勘测。这里的目标是获取一组完全覆盖选定地点的图像。随后，基于这些图像实时获得一个低分辨率的三维模型，然后在实验室中生成一个非常高分辨率的模型。第二个问题涉及提取现场存在的已知文物。这方面的研究基于对所涉及知识的先验表示，并使用系统推理。开发了两个并行过程来表示用于勘测以及识别海底可见考古文物的摄影测量过程。绘图涉及使用CIDOC-CRM系统（国际文献委员会（CIDOC）-概念参考模型）——这是一个先前已在遗产领域使用且已为既定科学界广泛使用的系统。所提出的理论表示基于过程附着；此外，在建模概念的本体描述与Java编程语言之间保持着紧密联系，这允许基于一组定向图像进行三维结构估计和建模。最近发现的一艘沉船成为了该项目测试场地；在马耳他海岸外发现的Xelendi腓尼基沉船可能是西地中海已知最古老的沉船。本文所提出的方法是在GROPLAN项目（用于海军和水下考古学的带有本体和摄影测量的测量概括）范围内开发的。该项目由法国国家研究机构（ANR）资助四年，联合了两个法国研究实验室、一个工业合作伙伴、马耳他大学和德克萨斯A&M大学。
