Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe NuTriM, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Unité de Nutrition, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Ageing Res Rev. 2016 Mar;26:22-36. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.004. Epub 2015 Dec 9.
After skeletal muscle injury a regeneration process takes place to repair muscle. Skeletal muscle recovery is a highly coordinated process involving cross-talk between immune and muscle cells. It is well known that the physiological activities of both immune cells and muscle stem cells decline with advancing age, thereby blunting the capacity of skeletal muscle to regenerate. The age-related reduction in muscle repair efficiency contributes to the development of sarcopenia, one of the most important factors of disability in elderly people. Preserving muscle regeneration capacity may slow the development of this syndrome. In this context, nutrition has drawn much attention: studies have demonstrated that nutrients such as amino acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamin D can improve skeletal muscle regeneration by targeting key functions of immune cells, muscle cells or both. Here we review the process of skeletal muscle regeneration with a special focus on the cross-talk between immune and muscle cells. We address the effect of aging on immune and skeletal muscle cells involved in muscle regeneration. Finally, the mechanisms of nutrient action on muscle regeneration are described, showing that quality of nutrition may help to preserve the capacity for skeletal muscle regeneration with age.
骨骼肌损伤后会发生再生过程以修复肌肉。骨骼肌的恢复是一个高度协调的过程,涉及免疫细胞和肌肉细胞之间的交流。众所周知,免疫细胞和肌肉干细胞的生理活性随着年龄的增长而下降,从而削弱了骨骼肌的再生能力。与年龄相关的肌肉修复效率的降低导致了肌少症的发展,这是老年人残疾的最重要因素之一。保持肌肉再生能力可能会减缓该综合征的发展。在这种情况下,营养受到了广泛关注:研究表明,氨基酸、n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸、多酚和维生素 D 等营养素可以通过针对免疫细胞、肌肉细胞或两者的关键功能来改善骨骼肌再生。在这里,我们特别关注免疫细胞和肌肉细胞之间的交流,综述了骨骼肌再生的过程。我们讨论了衰老对参与肌肉再生的免疫细胞和肌肉细胞的影响。最后,描述了营养素对肌肉再生作用的机制,表明营养质量可能有助于随着年龄的增长保持骨骼肌再生的能力。