McIntosh K
Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11 Suppl 3:S530-7. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_3.s530.
Feasible improvements in existing vaccines of the Expanded Programme on Immunization are reviewed. The toxicity of pertussis vaccines can probably be reduced and the immunogenicity increased by recently instituted improvements in purity and selectivity. Candidate vaccines containing inactivated pertussis toxin, with or without other components, are in use in Japan and in controlled trials elsewhere. Inactivated poliovirus vaccines have been improved over the past decade and presently show promise of inducing immunity with as few as two doses administered in infancy. At the same time, improved methods for delivering the oral poliovirus vaccine through mass vaccination campaigns are being increasingly employed throughout the developing world. Major improvements in the measles vaccine will probably come from the development of new stabilizers and the use of vaccines that are immunogenic in the presence of maternal antibody.
本文回顾了扩大免疫规划现有疫苗可能的改进措施。通过近期在纯度和选择性方面所做的改进，百日咳疫苗的毒性可能降低，免疫原性可能增强。含有灭活百日咳毒素的候选疫苗（无论是否含有其他成分）已在日本使用，并在其他地方进行对照试验。过去十年中，灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗已有改进，目前显示出在婴儿期接种两剂即可诱导免疫的前景。与此同时，发展中世界越来越多地采用改进方法，通过大规模疫苗接种运动来提供口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗。麻疹疫苗的重大改进可能来自新型稳定剂的研发以及在存在母源抗体的情况下仍具有免疫原性的疫苗的使用。
