Kroener Lindsay, Wang Erica T, Pisarska Margareta D
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Semin Reprod Med. 2016 Jan;34(1):27-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570029. Epub 2015 Dec 22.
Normal placentation during the first trimester sets the stage for the rest of pregnancy and involves a finely orchestrated cellular and molecular interplay of maternal and fetal tissues. The resulting intrauterine environment plays an important role in fetal programming and the future health of the fetus, and is impacted by multiple genetic and epigenetic factors. Abnormalities in placentation and spiral artery invasion can lead to ischemia, placental disease, and adverse obstetrical outcomes including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption. Although first trimester placentation is affected by multiple factors, preconception environmental influences such as mode of conception, including assisted reproductive technologies which result in fertilization in vitro and intrauterine influences due to sex differences, are emerging as potential significant factors impacting first trimester placentation.
孕早期正常的胎盘形成过程为后续孕期奠定了基础,涉及母体和胎儿组织之间精心协调的细胞和分子相互作用。由此产生的子宫内环境在胎儿编程和胎儿未来健康方面起着重要作用,并受到多种遗传和表观遗传因素的影响。胎盘形成和螺旋动脉侵入异常可导致缺血、胎盘疾病以及包括子痫前期、胎儿生长受限和胎盘早剥在内的不良产科结局。尽管孕早期的胎盘形成受多种因素影响,但孕前环境因素,如受孕方式,包括导致体外受精的辅助生殖技术,以及由于性别差异产生的子宫内影响,正逐渐成为影响孕早期胎盘形成的潜在重要因素。