Teo Tiffany L L, Coleman Heather M, Khan Stuart J
UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, School of Engineering, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Apr;23(7):6972-81. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5967-4. Epub 2015 Dec 26.
The aim of this research was to investigate the presence and daily variability of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in public swimming pools. Various types of public swimming pool water were analysed, taken from freshwater indoor swimming pools, outdoor swimming pools, spa pools and seawater swimming pools. Swimming pool water samples were analysed for 30 PPCPs using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). All PPCPs were below quantification limits in seawater pools. However, caffeine was detected in 12 chlorinated swimming pools at concentrations up to 1540 ng/L and ibuprofen was observed in 7 chlorinated pools at concentrations up to 83 ng/L. Caffeine and ibuprofen concentrations were below quantification limits in all fill water samples, eliminating this as their source in swimming pools. High variations in caffeine concentrations monitored throughout the day roughly reflect bather loads in swimming pools. Future monitoring of these compounds may assist in evaluating what portion of organic matter measured in swimming pools may come from human excretions.
本研究的目的是调查公共游泳池中药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的存在情况及每日变化。分析了各类公共游泳池水，取自淡水室内游泳池、室外游泳池、温泉池和海水游泳池。采用固相萃取（SPE）结合同位素稀释液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）对游泳池水样中的30种PPCPs进行了分析。海水游泳池中所有PPCPs均低于定量限。然而，在12个氯化游泳池中检测到咖啡因，浓度高达1540 ng/L，在7个氯化游泳池中观察到布洛芬，浓度高达83 ng/L。所有补水样品中咖啡因和布洛芬浓度均低于定量限，排除了其作为游泳池中这些物质来源的可能性。全天监测的咖啡因浓度变化较大，大致反映了游泳池中的泳客数量。未来对这些化合物的监测可能有助于评估游泳池中测得的有机物质有多少可能来自人体排泄物。
