Centofanti Tiziana, McConnell Laura L, Chaney Rufus L, Beyer W Nelson, Andrade Natasha A, Hapeman Cathleen J, Torrents Alba, Nguyen Anh, Anderson Marya O, Novak Jeffrey M, Jackson Dana
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2016 Mar;210:182-91. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.039. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
Performance of compost and biochar amendments for in situ risk mitigation of aged DDT, DDE and dieldrin residues in an old orchard soil was examined. The change in bioavailability of pesticide residues to Lumbricus terrestris L. relative to the unamended control soil was assessed using 4-L soil microcosms with and without plant cover in a 48-day experiment. The use of aged dairy manure compost and biosolids compost was found to be effective, especially in the planted treatments, at lowering the bioavailability factor (BAF) by 18-39%; however, BAF results for DDT in the unplanted soil treatments were unaffected or increased. The pine chip biochar utilized in this experiment was ineffective at lower the BAF of pesticides in the soil. The US EPA Soil Screening Level approach was used with our measured values. Addition of 10% of the aged dairy manure compost reduced the average hazard quotient values to below 1.0 for DDT + DDE and dieldrin. Results indicate this sustainable approach is appropriate to minimize risks to wildlife in areas of marginal organochlorine pesticide contamination. Application of this remediation approach has potential for use internationally in areas where historical pesticide contamination of soils remains a threat to wildlife populations.
研究了堆肥和生物炭改良剂对老果园土壤中老化滴滴涕（DDT）、滴滴伊（DDE）和狄氏剂残留进行原位风险缓解的性能。在一项为期48天的实验中，使用有植物覆盖和无植物覆盖的4升土壤微观系统，评估了相对于未改良对照土壤，农药残留对蚯蚓（Lumbricus terrestris L.）生物有效性的变化。结果发现，使用老化的奶牛粪堆肥和生物固体堆肥是有效的，特别是在有植物种植的处理中，可使生物有效性因子（BAF）降低18 - 39%；然而，在无植物种植的土壤处理中，DDT的BAF结果未受影响或有所增加。本实验中使用的松树皮生物炭在降低土壤中农药的BAF方面无效。将美国环境保护局（US EPA）土壤筛选水平方法用于我们的测量值。添加10%的老化奶牛粪堆肥可使DDT + DDE和狄氏剂的平均危害商值降至1.0以下。结果表明，这种可持续方法适用于在有机氯农药污染较轻的地区将对野生动物的风险降至最低。这种修复方法在国际上对那些土壤中历史农药污染仍然对野生动物种群构成威胁的地区具有应用潜力。
