Isolation of hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) metabolite from halotolerant Bacillus methylotrophicus MHC10 and its inhibitory activity towards bacterial pathogens.

A halotolerant bacterial isolate-MHC10 with broad spectrum antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens was isolated from saltpans located in Tuticorin and Chennai (India). 16S rRNA gene analysis of MHC10 revealed close similarity to that of Bacillus methylotrophicus. The culture conditions of B. methylotrophicus MHC10 strain were optimized for antibacterial production using different carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as varying temperature, pH, sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations and incubation periods. The maximum antibacterial activity of B. methylotrophicus MHC10 was attained when ZMB was optimized with 1 % (w/v) glucose, 0.1 % (w/v) soybean meal which corresponded to a C/N ratio of 38.83, temperature at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and 8 % NaCl. The activity remained stable between 72 and 96 h and then drastically decreased after 96 h. Solvent extraction followed by chromatographic purification steps led to the isolation of hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol). The structure of the purified compound was elucidated based on FTIR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The compound exhibited efficient antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Gram-positive pathogens ranged from 15.625 to 62.5 µg/mL(-1), while it was between 7.81 and 250 µg/mL(-1) for Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. This is the first report of hydroquinone produced by halotolerant B. methylotrophicus exhibiting promising antibacterial activity.