Setnik Beatrice, Roland Carl L, Goli Veeraindar, Pixton Glenn C, Levy-Cooperman Naama, Smith Ira, Webster Lynn
Senior Director, Pfizer Inc, Durham, North Carolina.
Vice President, Clinical Disease Area Expert-Pain, Pfizer Inc, Durham, North Carolina; Professor Emeritus, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
J Opioid Manag. 2015 Nov-Dec;11(6):463-73. doi: 10.5055/jom.2015.0299.
To explore behaviors related to prescription opioid abuse and diversion in individuals who self-reported past recreational (nonmedical) opioid use.
A questionnaire was developed and included in two abuse potential clinical studies conducted in Canada (Toronto, ON, August 2010 to January, 2011) and the United States (Salt Lake City, UT, February-May 2011).
Recreational opioid users.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Self-reported behaviors related to prescription opioid abuse and diversion.
The questionnaire was completed by 174 participants in the Canadian study and 80 participants in the US study. Most participants reported that they used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes a few times a month. Most had taken their first prescription opioid between the ages of 12 and 24 years and the two most common reasons were to treat pain or to feel high/stoned. When asked about specific opioids taken for nonmedical purposes in the past year, oxycodone, acetaminophen with codeine, and morphine were commonly used by both cohorts, whereas hydrocodone use was substantially greater in the US cohort versus the Canadian cohort. Participants reported various tampering methods and routes of administration, with swallowed whole, crushed and snorted, and chewed/crushed and swallowed as the most prevalent. Most participants indicated taking other drugs with prescription opioids to get high, most commonly marijuana and alcohol. The most common sources for obtaining prescription opioids were family/friends.
Two cohorts of recreational opioid users from Canada and the United States reported similar experiences with various prescription opioids and indicated a predominance of diversion from family/friends.
探讨曾自述有过娱乐性（非医疗用途）阿片类药物使用经历的个体中与处方阿片类药物滥用及转移相关的行为。
编制了一份问卷，并纳入在加拿大（安大略省多伦多市，2010年8月至2011年1月）和美国（犹他州盐湖城，2011年2月至5月）开展的两项滥用可能性临床研究中。
娱乐性阿片类药物使用者。
自述的与处方阿片类药物滥用及转移相关的行为。
加拿大研究中有174名参与者完成了问卷，美国研究中有80名参与者完成了问卷。大多数参与者报告称他们每月有几次将处方阿片类药物用于非医疗目的。大多数人首次使用处方阿片类药物的年龄在12至24岁之间，最常见的两个原因是治疗疼痛或寻求快感/致幻。当被问及过去一年用于非医疗目的的特定阿片类药物时，两个队列中常用的都是羟考酮、对乙酰氨基酚可待因和吗啡，而美国队列中氢可酮的使用量明显高于加拿大队列。参与者报告了各种篡改方法和给药途径，最常见的是整片吞服、碾碎后吸入以及咀嚼/碾碎后吞服。大多数参与者表示会将处方阿片类药物与其他药物一起使用以寻求快感，最常见的是大麻和酒精。获取处方阿片类药物最常见的来源是家人/朋友。
来自加拿大和美国的两组娱乐性阿片类药物使用者报告了在各种处方阿片类药物使用方面的相似经历，并表明主要是从家人/朋友处获取。
