Sampat Bhaven N, Pincus Harold Alan
Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Clin Transl Sci. 2015 Dec;8(6):759-63. doi: 10.1111/cts.12361.
The contributions of Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) to biomedical innovation have been difficult to measure because of the challenges involved in tracing knowledge flows from their origin to their uses.
The authors examined patent citation linkages between AMC research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and patents. In prospective analyses, they examine the extent to which articles resulting from NIH grants to AMCs awarded between 1990 and 1995 were cited in drug and medical patents. The authors then examine the extent to which these patents are associated with marketed drugs. In retrospective analyses, they examine the share of drugs approved between 2000 and 2009 that have citation links to NIH-funded AMC research.
The prospective analyses show over a third of AMC grants resulted in publications that were cited in patents. Most the patents are drug and biotechnology patents, and are assigned to private firms. Patents citing NIH-funded AMC publications were associated with 106 new FDA approved drugs, half of which are new molecular entities and a quarter of which are priority NMEs. The retrospective analyses showed that about half of the new molecular entities approved over the 2000-2009 period had citations links to NIH-funded AMC research.
There are strong links between articles from NIH-funded AMC research and private sector medical patenting, including drugs. More research is needed to better understand the types of links the citations represent and their implications for public policy.
由于追踪知识从起源到应用的流动存在挑战，学术医疗中心（AMC）对生物医学创新的贡献难以衡量。
作者研究了由美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助的AMC研究与专利之间的专利引用联系。在前瞻性分析中，他们考察了1990年至1995年间授予AMC的NIH资助项目所产生的文章在药物和医疗专利中的被引用程度。作者随后考察了这些专利与已上市药物的关联程度。在回顾性分析中，他们考察了2000年至2009年间获批的药物中与NIH资助的AMC研究有引用联系的药物所占比例。
前瞻性分析表明，超过三分之一的AMC资助项目产生了在专利中被引用的出版物。大多数专利是药物和生物技术专利，并被分配给了私人公司。引用NIH资助的AMC出版物的专利与106种新的FDA批准药物相关，其中一半是新分子实体，四分之一是优先新分子实体。回顾性分析表明，2000 - 2009年期间获批的新分子实体中约有一半与NIH资助的AMC研究有引用联系。
NIH资助的AMC研究文章与包括药物在内的私营部门医疗专利之间存在紧密联系。需要更多研究来更好地理解这些引用所代表的联系类型及其对公共政策的影响。
