Foolad Mahsa, Hu Jiangyong, Tran Ngoc Han, Ong Say Leong
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, 117576, Singapore E-mail:
Water Sci Technol. 2016;73(1):51-9. doi: 10.2166/wst.2015.461.
In the present study, the sorption and biodegradation characteristics of five pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), including acetaminophen (ACT), carbamazepine (CBZ), crotamiton (CTMT), diethyltoluamide (DEET) and salicylic acid (SA), were studied in laboratory-batch experiments. Sorption kinetics experimental data showed that sorption systems under this study were more appropriately described by the pseudo second-order kinetics with a correlation coefficient (R2)>0.98. Sorption equilibrium data of almost all target compounds onto soil could be better described by the Freundlich sorption isotherm model. The adsorption results showed higher soil affinity for SA, following by ACT. Results also indicated a slight effect of pH on PPCP adsorption with lower pH causing lower adsorption of compounds onto the soil except for SA at pH 12. Moreover, adsorption of PPCPs onto the soil was influenced by natural organic matter (NOM) since the higher amount of NOM caused lower adsorption to the soil. Biodegradation studies of selected PPCPs by indigenous microbial community present in soil appeared that the removal rates of ACT, SA and DEET increased with time while no effect had been observed for the rest. This study suggests that the CBZ and CTMT can be considered as suitable chemical sewage indicators based on their low sorption affinity and high resistance to biodegradation.
在本研究中，通过实验室批次实验研究了五种药品及个人护理用品（PPCPs），包括对乙酰氨基酚（ACT）、卡马西平（CBZ）、克罗米通（CTMT）、避蚊胺（DEET）和水杨酸（SA）的吸附及生物降解特性。吸附动力学实验数据表明，本研究中的吸附系统用相关系数（R2）>0.98的伪二级动力学能更恰当地描述。几乎所有目标化合物在土壤上的吸附平衡数据用弗伦德利希吸附等温线模型能更好地描述。吸附结果表明土壤对SA的亲和力更高，其次是ACT。结果还表明pH对PPCP吸附有轻微影响，除了在pH 12时的SA外，较低的pH会导致化合物在土壤上的吸附降低。此外，PPCPs在土壤上的吸附受天然有机物（NOM）影响，因为较高含量的NOM会导致其在土壤上的吸附降低。对土壤中存在的本地微生物群落对选定PPCPs的生物降解研究表明，ACT、SA和DEET的去除率随时间增加，而其余物质未观察到影响。本研究表明，基于CBZ和CTMT的低吸附亲和力和高抗生物降解性，可将其视为合适的化学污水指标。
