Dunham Noah T, Kane Erin E, McGraw W Scott
Department of Anthropology, 4064 Smith Laboratory, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 2015;86(5):474-89. doi: 10.1159/000442285. Epub 2016 Jan 9.
Most investigations of primate scapular morphology use differences in locomotion to explain variation; less is known about how scapular geometry covaries with nonlocomotor behavior. We examined forelimb use during foraging in 4 cercopithecids ranging throughout the Ivory Coast's Tai Forest. During 5-min feeding bouts, we recorded the frequency individuals of Piliocolobus badius, Colobus polykomos, Cercocebus atys and Cercopithecus diana performed 5 forelimb behaviors involved in the acquisition and introduction of food to the oral cavity. Scapulae from these populations were examined to determine whether differences in forelimb use were reflected in features known to correspond with varying degrees of arm flexion, abduction and elevation. Our results reveal that the species differ markedly in forelimb use and that these differences are interpretable via their scapular morphology. For example, P. badius engages in more frequent flexion, abduction and elevation of the arm above the head relative to C. polykomos, and red colobus scapulae are longer craniocaudally and have larger, more cranially directed supraspinous fossae than those of closely related black-and-white colobus. Our attempt to explore how nonlocomotor behavior covaries with skeletal morphology should provide for more informed interpretations of the primate fossil record.
大多数对灵长类肩胛骨形态的研究利用运动方式的差异来解释变异；而对于肩胛骨几何形状如何与非运动行为共同变化，我们了解得较少。我们研究了分布在象牙海岸塔伊森林的4种猕猴科动物在觅食过程中的前肢使用情况。在5分钟的进食时段内，我们记录了红疣猴、黑疣猴、白颈白眉猴和戴安娜须猴个体执行5种与获取食物并将其送入口腔有关的前肢行为的频率。对这些种群的肩胛骨进行了检查，以确定前肢使用的差异是否反映在已知与不同程度的手臂弯曲、外展和抬高相对应的特征上。我们的结果表明，这些物种在前肢使用上存在显著差异，并且这些差异可以通过它们的肩胛骨形态来解释。例如，相对于黑疣猴，红疣猴在将手臂举过头顶时进行更频繁的弯曲、外展和抬高，并且红疣猴的肩胛骨在颅尾方向上更长，其冈上窝比亲缘关系较近的黑白疣猴的更大且更朝向颅侧。我们探索非运动行为如何与骨骼形态共同变化的尝试，应该能为灵长类化石记录提供更有见地的解释。
