Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2019 Jul;302(7):1116-1126. doi: 10.1002/ar.24007. Epub 2018 Nov 25.
Bone remodeling is at least partially mediated by the mechanical environment created by an animal's behavior. Here, we test the hypothesis that bone remodeling is primarily induced by high magnitude loads, likely encountered during leaping/bounding behaviors. Osteon population density (OPD), osteon cross-sectional area (On.Ar), and relative osteonal area (%HAV) were measured from femoral and humeral midshaft thin sections of four cercopithecids (N = 5 per species) from Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire: Colobus polykomos, Piliocolobus badius, Cercopithecus diana, and Cercocebus atys. All species are generalized quadrupeds but vary in leaping frequency and overall activity budget. Differences between taxa with high (C. polykomos and P. badius) and low leaping frequency (C. diana and C. atys) were assessed via a phylogenetically informed generalized linear mixed model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Femoral OPD and %HAV are greater in the high frequency leapers than in low frequency leapers, suggesting that frequent high magnitude loads engender remodeling, however, there is no similar pattern in the humerus, which presumably also experiences high magnitude loads during leaping. Additionally, OPD and %HAV are greater in the humerus than the femur, despite load magnitude being presumably higher in the femur. These results provide conflicting support for hypotheses about load magnitude and load frequency as they relate to bone remodeling activity. Future work is proposed to parse out the respective effects of load magnitude and frequency on bone remodeling. Anat Rec, 302:1116-1126, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
骨骼重塑至少部分由动物行为产生的机械环境介导。在这里，我们检验了这样一个假设，即骨骼重塑主要是由高幅度的负荷引起的，这种负荷可能在跳跃/跳跃行为中遇到。从科特迪瓦泰森林的四种长尾猴（N = 每种 5 只）的股骨和肱骨中段薄片中测量了骨单位密度（OPD）、骨单位横截面积（On.Ar）和相对骨单位面积（%HAV）：Colobus polykomos、Piliocolobus badius、Cercopithecus diana 和 Cercocebus atys。所有物种都是广义的四足动物，但跳跃频率和整体活动预算不同。通过使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法的基于系统发育的广义线性混合模型评估具有高跳跃频率（C. polykomos 和 P. badius）和低跳跃频率（C. diana 和 C. atys）的分类群之间的差异。股骨 OPD 和 %HAV 在高频跳跃者中大于低频跳跃者，这表明频繁的高幅度负荷会引起重塑，然而，在肱骨中没有类似的模式，肱骨在跳跃时也可能承受高幅度的负荷。此外，肱骨的 OPD 和 %HAV 大于股骨，尽管股骨的负荷幅度可能更高。这些结果对与骨骼重塑活动相关的负荷幅度和负荷频率假设提供了相互矛盾的支持。建议进行未来的工作来解析负荷幅度和频率对骨骼重塑的各自影响。解剖记录，302：1116-1126，2019. © 2018 威利父子公司。
