Scheil Juliane
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2016 Feb;164:65-9. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.12.011. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
Recently, Grange and Juvina (2015) found decreasing n-2 repetition costs with increasing practice. However, in their experiment, no differentiation between absolute and relative strength of the three tasks was possible because all tasks were practiced to the same degree. To further elucidate this issue, two experiments were designed in which for one of the three tasks, aspects of the task set changed during the course of the experiment (Exp. I: Stimulus-response mapping, Exp. II: Cue-task mapping). Replicating Grange and Juvina (2015), decreasing n-2 repetition costs with increasing practice were observed, but the change of stimulus-response mappings in Exp. I did not affect n-2 repetition costs. In Exp. II, n-2 repetition costs were affected by the change of the cue-task-mapping, but no effect of absolute practice was visible. These results suggest that absolute practice influences n-2 repetition costs as long as no change in relative strength is introduced on the level of mapping cues to tasks. If, however, relative task strength is varied, its impact overrides the influence of absolute practice. In addition, the data pattern points towards cue-related instead of response-related inhibitory processes causing n-2 repetition costs.
最近，格兰奇和朱维纳（2015年）发现随着练习次数增加，n-2重复成本降低。然而，在他们的实验中，由于所有任务的练习程度相同，因此无法区分三个任务的绝对强度和相对强度。为了进一步阐明这个问题，设计了两个实验，其中在三个任务之一中，任务集的各个方面在实验过程中发生了变化（实验一：刺激-反应映射，实验二：线索-任务映射）。重复格兰奇和朱维纳（2015年）的研究，观察到随着练习次数增加，n-2重复成本降低，但实验一中刺激-反应映射的变化并未影响n-2重复成本。在实验二中，n-2重复成本受到线索-任务映射变化的影响，但绝对练习的效果并不明显。这些结果表明，只要在映射线索到任务的层面上没有引入相对强度的变化，绝对练习就会影响n-2重复成本。然而，如果相对任务强度发生变化，其影响将超过绝对练习的影响。此外，数据模式表明，导致n-2重复成本的是与线索相关而非与反应相关的抑制过程。
