Sharma Rahul, Meister Peter
Cell Fate and Nuclear Organization, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Cell Fate and Nuclear Organization, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2016 Apr;37:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.11.007. Epub 2016 Jan 1.
In many species, male and female animals differ in the number of X chromosomes they possess. As a consequence, large scale differences in gene dosage exist between sexes; a phenomenon that is rarely tolerated by the organism for changes in autosome dosage. Several strategies have evolved independently to balance X-linked gene dosage between sexes, named dosage compensation (DC). The molecular basis of DC differs among the three best-studied examples: mammals, fruit fly and nematodes. In this short review, we summarize recent microscopic and chromosome conformation capture data that reveal key features of the compensated X chromosome and highlight the events leading to the establishment of a functional, specialized nuclear compartment, the X domain.
在许多物种中，雄性和雌性动物所拥有的X染色体数量不同。因此，两性之间存在基因剂量的大规模差异；而常染色体剂量的变化在生物体中很少被容忍。已经独立进化出几种策略来平衡两性之间X连锁基因的剂量，即剂量补偿（DC）。在三个研究得最为深入的例子（哺乳动物、果蝇和线虫）中，剂量补偿的分子基础各不相同。在这篇简短的综述中，我们总结了最近的显微镜和染色体构象捕获数据，这些数据揭示了补偿性X染色体的关键特征，并突出了导致功能性、专门化核区室——X域建立的事件。
