Ortega Nicole, Price Wayne, Campbell Todd, Rohr Jason
Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave - SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, United States.
Department of Biology, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, United States.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2015 Oct 24;4(3):379-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.10.002. eCollection 2015 Dec.
Because shifts in host-parasite relationships can alter host populations, attention should be given to the parasites that introduced species take with them or acquire in their introduced range. The Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, is a successful invasive species in Florida with its parasites in the native range being well-documented, but there is a void in the literature regarding what parasites were lost or introduced in its expansion. We necropsied 330 O. septentrionalis from Tampa, FL and compared their macroparasites to those of O. septentrionalis in their native range and to the parasites of anurans native to the Tampa, FL area to determine the species O. septentrionalis likely introduced or acquired in Florida. At least nine parasite species (Aplectana sp., Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai, Cylindrotaenia americana, Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Centrorhynchus sp., unidentified trematode metacercariae, unidentified larval acuariids, and unidentified pentastomids) were isolated. We found no differences in parasite communities of adult male and female frogs, which averaged 19.36 parasite individuals and 1.39 parasite species per adult frog, and had an overall prevalence of 77.52%. Acuariid larvae were likely acquired by O. septentrionalis in FL because they are not found in their native range. O. lenteixeirai was likely introduced because it is commonly reported in O. septentrionalis' native range but has never been reported in FL-native anurans. Aplectana sp. is also likely introduced because it has been reported in several anurans in Cuba but only reported once in Florida. O. septentrionalis tended to harbor fewer of its native parasites in the introduced range, which is consistent with the enemy release hypothesis and potentially creates an immunological advantage for this invasive host. Because native populations can be threatened by introduced parasites, there is a need to further explore the frequency and rate at which non-native hosts introduce parasites.
由于宿主 - 寄生虫关系的变化会改变宿主种群，因此应关注外来物种携带或在引入范围内获得的寄生虫。古巴树蛙（Osteopilus septentrionalis）是佛罗里达州一种成功的入侵物种，其原生范围内的寄生虫已有充分记录，但关于其扩张过程中失去或引入了哪些寄生虫，文献中存在空白。我们对来自佛罗里达州坦帕市的330只古巴树蛙进行了尸检，并将它们的大型寄生虫与原生范围内的古巴树蛙以及坦帕市本地蛙类的寄生虫进行比较，以确定古巴树蛙在佛罗里达州可能引入或获得的物种。至少分离出了9种寄生虫（Aplectana属、Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai、美洲柱槽绦虫、泡翼属线虫、雷蚴属线虫、Centrorhynchus属、未鉴定的吸虫尾蚴、未鉴定的幼虫类筒线虫和未鉴定的舌形虫）。我们发现成年雄蛙和雌蛙的寄生虫群落没有差异，每只成年蛙平均有19.36个寄生虫个体和1.39种寄生虫，总体感染率为77.52%。类筒线虫幼虫可能是古巴树蛙在佛罗里达州获得的，因为在其原生范围内未发现。O. lenteixeirai可能是被引入的，因为它在古巴树蛙的原生范围内普遍存在，但从未在佛罗里达州本地蛙类中被报道过。Aplectana属也可能是被引入的，因为它在古巴的几种蛙类中被报道过，但在佛罗里达州仅被报道过一次。古巴树蛙在引入范围内携带的原生寄生虫往往较少，这与“天敌释放假说”一致，并且可能为这种入侵宿主创造了免疫优势。由于本地种群可能受到引入寄生虫的威胁，因此有必要进一步探索非本地宿主引入寄生虫的频率和速率。
