Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
Water Res. 2016 Mar 1;90:329-336. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.028. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
Membrane fouling is an important shortcoming limiting the efficiency and wide application of reverse osmosis (RO) technology. In this paper, RO membranes in a full-scale municipal wastewater reclamation plant were autopsied. From the lead to tail position RO membranes in RO system, both of organic and inorganic matters on membranes reduced gradually. The higher ion products in RO concentrate didn't result in more serious inorganic scaling on the last position RO membranes, which was contrast with some other researches. Fe, Ca and Mg were major inorganic elements. Fe had a relatively low concentration in RO influent but the highest content on membranes. However, there was no specific pretreatment in terms of Fe removal. Ca and Mg scaling was controlled by the antiscalants injected. Organic fouling (75.0-84.5% of dry weights) was major problem on RO membranes due to the large amount of dissolved organic matters in secondary effluent as raw water. Hydrophilic acid (HIA, 48.0% of total DOC), hydrophobic acid (HOA, 23.6%) and hydrophobic neutral (HON, 19.0%) fraction was largest among the six fractions in RO influent, while HON (38.2-51.1%) and HOA (22.1-26.1%) tended to accumulate on membranes in higher quantities. Monitoring HON and HOA might help to forecast organic fouling.
膜污染是限制反渗透（RO）技术效率和广泛应用的一个重要缺点。本文对一个全规模城市污水回用厂的 RO 膜进行了尸检。从 RO 系统的前段到后段，RO 膜上的有机物和无机物都逐渐减少。RO 浓缩液中较高的离子产物并没有导致最后一段 RO 膜上更严重的无机物结垢，这与其他一些研究结果形成了对比。Fe、Ca 和 Mg 是主要的无机元素。Fe 在 RO 进水的浓度相对较低，但在膜上的含量最高。然而，并没有针对 Fe 去除进行专门的预处理。Ca 和 Mg 的结垢由注入的阻垢剂控制。由于原水为二级出水，含有大量溶解性有机物，RO 膜上主要存在有机污染（占干重的 75.0-84.5%）。在 RO 进水中，亲水性酸（HIA，占总 DOC 的 48.0%）、疏水性酸（HOA，占 23.6%）和疏水性中性（HON，占 19.0%）是六个组分中最大的，而 HON（占 38.2-51.1%）和 HOA（占 22.1-26.1%）则倾向于在膜上积累更多。监测 HON 和 HOA 可能有助于预测有机污染。
