McNeil J J
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Monash Medical School Alfred Hospital Prahran Victoria, Australia.
Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1989;11(5-6):761-77. doi: 10.3109/10641968909035373.
Epidemiological studies of stroke have been consistent in identifying hypertension as the major single precursor of cerebrovascular disease. It is an equally important precursor of thromboembolic and major haemorrhagic stroke. Whereas young persons with mild hypertension are at increased risk of myocardial infarction, with increasing age and at higher blood pressure levels stroke becomes relatively more important. All the major intervention studies using antihypertensive drugs have shown a decline in fatal and non-fatal stroke in the treated group. In the five placebo-controlled studies where the average treatment placebo difference was 6 mmHg, the mean reduction in fatal stroke was 47% and non-fatal stroke was 51%. Evidence from the Mayo Clinic indicates a substantial decline in stroke incidence as well as stroke mortality. The period of this decline corresponds to the widespread introduction of antihypertensive therapy and it is tempting to speculate that the campaigns to reduce blood pressure are largely responsible for this decline.
中风的流行病学研究一致表明，高血压是脑血管疾病的主要单一先兆。它是血栓栓塞性和主要出血性中风同样重要的先兆。虽然轻度高血压的年轻人患心肌梗死的风险增加，但随着年龄增长和血压水平升高，中风变得相对更为重要。所有使用抗高血压药物的主要干预研究均显示，治疗组的致命性和非致命性中风有所减少。在五项安慰剂对照研究中，平均治疗与安慰剂的差异为6 mmHg，致命性中风的平均降幅为47%，非致命性中风的平均降幅为51%。梅奥诊所的证据表明中风发病率和中风死亡率大幅下降。这一下降时期与抗高血压治疗的广泛应用相对应，因此很容易推测，降低血压的运动在很大程度上促成了这一下降。
