Carbonari Damiano, Chiarella Pieranna, Mansi Antonella, Pigini Daniela, Iavicoli Sergio, Tranfo Giovanna
INAIL Reaserch, Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, Via Fontana Candida 1 - 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy.
Biomark Med. 2016;10(2):145-63. doi: 10.2217/bmm.15.106. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Benzene is a ubiquitous occupational and environmental pollutant. Improved industrial hygiene allowed airborne concentrations close to the environmental context (1-1000 µg/m(3)). Conversely, new limits for benzene levels in urban air were set (5 µg/m(3)). The biomonitoring of exposure to such low benzene concentrations are performed measuring specific and sensitive biomarkers such as S-phenylmercapturic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid and urinary benzene: many studies referred high variability in the levels of these biomarkers, suggesting the involvement of polymorphic metabolic genes in the individual susceptibility to benzene toxicity. We reviewed the influence of metabolic polymorphisms on the biomarkers levels of benzene exposure and effect, in order to understand the real impact of benzene exposure on subjects with increased susceptibility.
苯是一种普遍存在的职业和环境污染物。改进的工业卫生措施使空气中的浓度接近环境背景值（1 - 1000微克/立方米）。相反，城市空气中苯含量的新限值被设定为5微克/立方米。通过测量特定且敏感的生物标志物，如S - 苯基巯基尿酸、反式、反式 - 粘康酸和尿苯，来进行对如此低浓度苯暴露的生物监测：许多研究指出这些生物标志物水平存在高度变异性，表明多态性代谢基因参与了个体对苯毒性的易感性。我们综述了代谢多态性对苯暴露生物标志物水平及效应的影响，以便了解苯暴露对易感性增加的个体的实际影响。
