Larragoite Erin T, Tacchi Luca, LaPatra Scott E, Salinas Irene
Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Research Division Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID, USA.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2016 Feb;49:351-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.006. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Nasal vaccines are very effective but the olfactory organ provides direct access of antigens to the brain. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is known to cause high mortalities in salmonids. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a live attenuated IHNV nasal (I.N) vaccine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the olfactory organ, the vaccine was detected 1 and 4 days after primary I.N vaccination but not in the intramuscular (i.m) or control groups. In the brain, IHNV was detected by RT-qPCR 4 and 21 days after i.m primary vaccination. One i.m and one I.N vaccinated trout were positive at days 4 and 28 days post-boost, respectively. Presence of IHNV in the brain of i.m vaccinated fish correlated with moderate increases in IL-1β and TNF-α expression in this tissue. These results demonstrate that IHNV vaccine lasts for 4 days in the local nasal environment and that nasal vaccination appears to be safe to the CNS of rainbow trout.
鼻内疫苗非常有效，但嗅觉器官为抗原进入大脑提供了直接通道。传染性造血坏死病毒（IHNV）已知会在鲑科鱼类中导致高死亡率。本研究的目的是评估减毒活IHNV鼻内（I.N）疫苗在虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）中的安全性。在嗅觉器官中，初次鼻内接种疫苗后1天和4天检测到疫苗，但在肌肉注射（i.m）组或对照组中未检测到。在大脑中，初次肌肉注射疫苗后4天和21天通过RT-qPCR检测到IHNV。一次肌肉注射和一次鼻内接种的虹鳟分别在加强免疫后第4天和第28天呈阳性。肌肉注射疫苗的鱼脑中存在IHNV与该组织中IL-1β和TNF-α表达的适度增加相关。这些结果表明，IHNV疫苗在局部鼻内环境中持续4天，并且鼻内接种疫苗对虹鳟的中枢神经系统似乎是安全的。
