In-Stent Restenosis Caused by a Calcified Nodule: A Novel Pattern of Neoatherosclerosis.

Neoatherosclerosis has been described as a cause of in-stent restenosis (ISR), particularly in patients treated with drug-eluting stents (DESs). Although neoatherosclerosis may present as calcified plaques, the occurrence of a "calcified nodule" within the stent has not been previously reported. We describe optical coherence tomographic findings in a patient presenting with a calcified nodule causing "undilatable" ISR 2 years after implantation of a DES. The clinical and technical implications of this novel pattern of neoatherosclerosis are discussed.