Plante D T, Goldstein M R, Cook J D, Smith R, Riedner B A, Rumble M E, Jelenchick L, Roth A, Tononi G, Benca R M, Peterson M J
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2016 Mar;101:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
Slow waves are characteristic waveforms that occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep that play an integral role in sleep quality and brain plasticity. Benzodiazepines are commonly used medications that alter slow waves, however, their effects may depend on the time of night and measure used to characterize slow waves. Prior investigations have utilized minimal scalp derivations to evaluate the effects of benzodiazepines on slow waves, and thus the topography of changes to slow waves induced by benzodiazepines has yet to be fully elucidated. This study used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to evaluate the effects of oral temazepam on slow wave activity, incidence, and morphology during NREM sleep in 18 healthy adults relative to placebo. Temazepam was associated with significant decreases in slow wave activity and incidence, which were most prominent in the latter portions of the sleep period. However, temazepam was also associated with a decrease in the magnitude of high-amplitude slow waves and their slopes in the first NREM sleep episode, which was most prominent in frontal derivations. These findings suggest that benzodiazepines produce changes in slow waves throughout the night that vary depending on cortical topography and measures used to characterize slow waves. Further research that explores the relationships between benzodiazepine-induced changes to slow waves and the functional effects of these waveforms is indicated.
慢波是在非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠期间出现的特征性波形，在睡眠质量和大脑可塑性中起着不可或缺的作用。苯二氮䓬类药物是常用药物，可改变慢波，然而，其效果可能取决于夜间时间以及用于表征慢波的测量方法。先前的研究使用最少的头皮导联来评估苯二氮䓬类药物对慢波的影响，因此，苯二氮䓬类药物引起的慢波变化的地形图尚未完全阐明。本研究使用高密度脑电图（hdEEG）评估口服替马西泮相对于安慰剂对18名健康成年人NREM睡眠期间慢波活动、发生率和形态的影响。替马西泮与慢波活动和发生率的显著降低有关，这在睡眠后期最为明显。然而，替马西泮还与第一个NREM睡眠阶段高振幅慢波的幅度及其斜率的降低有关，这在额叶导联中最为明显。这些发现表明，苯二氮䓬类药物会在整个夜间引起慢波变化，这些变化因皮质地形图和用于表征慢波的测量方法而异。有必要进行进一步的研究，以探索苯二氮䓬类药物引起的慢波变化与这些波形的功能效应之间的关系。
