Nave A, Gonçalves F, Crespí A L, Campos M, Torres L
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences,CITAB,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,UTAD,Quinta de Prados, 5001-801,Vila Real,Portugal.
Department of Environmental Protection,Estación Experimental de Zaidín,CSIC,Profesor Albareda n° 1,18008 - Granada,Spain.
Bull Entomol Res. 2016 Apr;106(2):249-57. doi: 10.1017/S0007485315001091. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Several studies have shown that manipulating flowering weeds within an agroecosystem can have an important role in pest control by natural enemies, by providing them nectar and pollen, which are significant sources of nutrition for adults. The aim of this study was to assess if the olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae), and five of its main natural enemies, the parasitoid species Chelonus elaeaphilus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Apanteles xanthostigma (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Elasmus flabellatus (Fonscolombe) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), as well as the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), can theoretically access the nectar from 21 flowering weeds that naturally occur in olive groves. Thus, the architecture of the flowers as well as the mouthpart structure and/or the head and thorax width of the pest and its enemies were analyzed. The results suggested that all beneficial insects were able to reach nectar of the plant species from Apiaceae family, i.e. Conopodium majus (Gouan) Loret, Daucus carota L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill., as well as Asparagus acutifolius L., Echium plantagineum L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Lonicera hispanica Boiss. et Reut., Silene gallica L., Spergula arvensis L., Hypericum perforatum L., Calamintha baetica Boiss. et Reut, Malva neglecta Wallr. and Linaria saxatilis (L.) Chaz. P. oleae was not able to access nectar from five plant species, namely: Andryala integrifolia L., Chondrilla juncea L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and Lavandula stoechas L.
多项研究表明，在农业生态系统中操控开花杂草对于天敌控制害虫具有重要作用，因为这些杂草能为天敌提供花蜜和花粉，而花蜜和花粉是成虫重要的营养来源。本研究的目的是评估橄榄实蝇Prays oleae（Bernard，1788）（鳞翅目：实蝇科）及其五种主要天敌，即寄生蜂Chelonus elaeaphilus Silvestri（膜翅目：茧蜂科）、Apanteles xanthostigma（Haliday）（膜翅目：茧蜂科）、Ageniaspis fuscicollis（Dalman）（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）和Elasmus flabellatus（Fonscolombe）（膜翅目：姬小蜂科），以及捕食性天敌草蛉Chrysoperla carnea（Stephens）（脉翅目：草蛉科），理论上能否获取橄榄园中自然生长的21种开花杂草的花蜜。因此，对这些花的结构以及害虫及其天敌的口器结构和/或头部与胸部宽度进行了分析。结果表明，所有有益昆虫都能够获取伞形科植物的花蜜，即大雀麦Conopodium majus（Gouan）Loret、胡萝卜Daucus carota L.和茴香Foeniculum vulgare Mill.，以及天门冬Asparagus acutifolius L.、蓝蓟Echium plantagineum L.、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris（L.）Medik.、野萝卜Raphanus raphanistrum L.、西班牙忍冬Lonicera hispanica Boiss. et Reut.、高雪轮Silene gallica L.、田野勿忘草Spergula arvensis L.、贯叶连翘Hypericum perforatum L.、巴氏薄荷Calamintha baetica Boiss. et Reut、野锦葵Malva neglecta Wallr.和岩生柳穿鱼Linaria saxatilis（L.）Chaz.。橄榄实蝇无法获取五种植物的花蜜，即：全缘叶苦苣菜Andryala integrifolia L.、粉绿翅果菊Chondrilla juncea L.、臭甘菊Dittrichia viscosa（L.）Greuter、苦苣菜Sonchus asper（L.）Hill和意大利薰衣草Lavandula stoechas L.
