Velásquez-Jones L
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 1989 Aug;46(8):572-80.
Two interrelated physiologic feedback systems, thirst and antidiuretic hormone, serve to regulate water balance, and thereby body fluid osmolality. These two systems share at least one common receptor component: a device for sensing body fluid tonicity, the hypothalamic osmoreceptor. The output of the osmoregulatory system is subserved by two distinct effector components: oral water ingestion and renal water excretion. Acting in concert, these two processes serve to maintain body fluid osmolality. Under normal circumstances body fluid osmolality is carefully maintained within precisely defined limits. For body fluid osmolality to remain constant, the amount of water lost each day (by insensible, gastrointestinal, and renal routes), must be replenished by the ingestion of water and, to a lesser extent, by the production of "metabolic" water from the catabolism of foodstuffs.
两个相互关联的生理反馈系统，即口渴和抗利尿激素，有助于调节水平衡，从而调节体液渗透压。这两个系统至少共享一个共同的受体成分：一种用于感知体液张力的装置，即下丘脑渗透压感受器。渗透调节系统的输出由两个不同的效应器成分实现：经口摄入水分和经肾排出水分。这两个过程协同作用，以维持体液渗透压。在正常情况下，体液渗透压会被精确维持在明确界定的范围内。为了使体液渗透压保持恒定，每天通过不显性、胃肠道和肾脏途径流失的水量，必须通过摄入水分来补充，在较小程度上，还需通过食物分解代谢产生“代谢”水来补充。
