Yang Xu, Qu Yu-Li, Wu Zhi-Yi, Lin Ying, Ruan Chang-Chun, Desneux Nicolas, Zang Lian-Sheng
Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (
Technical Center of Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, China (
J Econ Entomol. 2016 Aug;109(4):1524-8. doi: 10.1093/jee/tov388. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids largely used worldwide for biological control of lepidopteran pests. Host quality (related to host size and age, host species, etc.) can influence parasitism preference and fitness of the parasitoid offspring. However, few studies have documented the performance of Trichogramma parasitoids when they parasitize nonfertilized eggs of their lepidopteran hosts. In the present study, we investigated the performance of three indigenous Trichogramma species ( Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) on fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of their native host, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The results showed that the three Trichogramma species tested could recognize fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of C. suppressalis . The different fertilization status eggs of C. suppressalis were all accepted by T. japonicum , T. chilonis , and T. dendrolimi with a clear tendency that they preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs whether under no-choice or choice conditions. All Trichogramma species successfully completed development in parasitized eggs of C. suppressalis regardless if the host eggs were fertilized or not. There was similar adult emergence rate, development time, and female progeny between fertilized and nonfertilized eggs for all Trichogramma species with an exception of development for T. chilonis . Trichogramma chilonis had shorter developmental time in fertilized eggs than in nonfertilized ones. Whether in fertilized or nonfertilized eggs, T. dendrolimi had longer development time than other two Trichogramma species. However, T. dendrolimi had the largest percentage of female progeny on fertilized eggs, followed by T. japonicum , and T. chilonis had the least percentage of female progeny. The present study indicates that Trichogramma parasitoids (i) can distinguish fertilized vs. nonfertilized host eggs, and (ii) could use nonfertilized host eggs for successful offspring development (despite showing lower preference for such eggs) [corrected].
赤眼蜂属昆虫是卵寄生蜂，在全球范围内广泛用于鳞翅目害虫的生物防治。寄主质量（与寄主大小和年龄、寄主种类等有关）会影响寄生偏好和寄生蜂后代的适合度。然而，很少有研究记录赤眼蜂寄生其鳞翅目寄主未受精卵时的表现。在本研究中，我们调查了三种本土赤眼蜂（螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura和稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii）在其本土寄主二化螟Chilo suppressalis（Walker）的受精卵和未受精卵上的表现。结果表明，所测试的三种赤眼蜂能够识别二化螟的受精卵和未受精卵。二化螟不同受精状态的卵均被螟黄赤眼蜂、稻螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂接受，且无论在无选择还是选择条件下，它们都明显更倾向于寄生受精卵。所有赤眼蜂种类在二化螟的被寄生卵中都能成功发育，无论寄主卵是否受精。除稻螟赤眼蜂的发育情况外，所有赤眼蜂种类在受精卵和未受精卵上的成虫羽化率、发育时间和雌性后代情况相似。稻螟赤眼蜂在受精卵中的发育时间比在未受精卵中短。无论在受精卵还是未受精卵中，松毛虫赤眼蜂的发育时间都比其他两种赤眼蜂长。然而，松毛虫赤眼蜂在受精卵上的雌性后代比例最大，其次是螟黄赤眼蜂，稻螟赤眼蜂的雌性后代比例最小。本研究表明，赤眼蜂寄生蜂（i）能够区分寄主的受精卵和未受精卵，并且（ii）可以利用未受精卵成功发育后代（尽管对这类卵的偏好较低）[已修正]
