Bergman Zachary R
Cornell J Law Public Policy. 2014 Fall;24(1):183-207.
The majority of the nation's adult films are produced in California, and within California, most production occurs in Los Angeles. In order to regulate that content, the County of Los Angeles passed the Safer Sex in the Adult Film Industry Act (Measure B) by way of referendum in November 2012. Measure B requires that adult film producers wishing to film in Los Angeles County obtain permits from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, and it also mandates that adult film performers use condoms while filming and "engaging in anal or vaginal sexual intercourse." Nevertheless, between August 2013 and January 2014, several adult film performers in California tested positive for HIV, and the threat of infection remains. Although Measure B is not the best way forward for Los Angeles County, elements of the ordinance should be incorporated into future legislative efforts. Given the economic ramifications of industry flight due to more localized regulations, this Note concludes that California should pass statewide comprehensive reform. Any such new legislation must treat "independent contractors," the classification generally used for adult film performs, as if they were regular employees. Legislation should also couple mandatory testing mechanisms with provisions granting performers the right to choose whether they use condoms. Finally, legislation must include mechanisms that ensure performers' preferences are not improperly tainted by outside forces and pressures. While there will always be risks associated with the production of adult content, if undertaken, these reforms could significantly mitigate those hazards.
美国大部分成人影片在加利福尼亚州制作，而在加利福尼亚州内，大部分制作活动发生在洛杉矶。为了规范该行业的内容，洛杉矶县于2012年11月通过全民投票通过了《成人电影行业安全性行为法案》（B议案）。B议案要求希望在洛杉矶县拍摄的成人电影制片人从洛杉矶县公共卫生部获得许可，并且还规定成人电影演员在拍摄期间以及“进行肛门或阴道性交时”必须使用避孕套。然而，在2013年8月至2014年1月期间，加利福尼亚州的几名成人电影演员艾滋病毒检测呈阳性，感染威胁依然存在。尽管B议案对洛杉矶县来说并非最佳前进方式，但该条例的一些要素应纳入未来的立法工作中。鉴于因更本地化的法规导致行业外迁带来的经济影响，本评论得出结论，加利福尼亚州应通过全州范围的全面改革。任何此类新立法都必须将“独立承包商”（成人电影演员通常采用的分类）视为正式员工。立法还应将强制检测机制与赋予演员选择是否使用避孕套权利的条款相结合。最后，立法必须包括确保演员的偏好不会受到外部力量和压力不当影响的机制。虽然成人内容制作总会存在风险，但如果进行这些改革，可能会显著降低这些危害。
