Messina Giuseppina, Cazzolla Gatti Roberto, Droutsa Angeliki, Barchitta Martina, Pezzino Elisa, Agodi Antonella, Lombardo Bianca Maria
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science Section "M. La Greca" University of Catania Catania Italy.
Biological Diversity and Ecology Laboratory BioClimLand Centre of Excellence Tomsk State University (TSU) Lenin Prospekt Tomsk 634050 Russia.
Ecol Evol. 2015 Dec 17;6(1):191-201. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1765. eCollection 2016 Jan.
Biological diversity analysis is among the most informative approaches to describe communities and regional species compositions. Soil ecosystems include large numbers of invertebrates, among which soil bugs (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) play significant ecological roles. The aim of this study was to provide advices to optimize the sampling effort, to efficiently monitor the diversity of this taxon, to analyze its seasonal patterns of species composition, and ultimately to understand better the coexistence of so many species over a relatively small area. Terrestrial isopods were collected at the Natural Reserve "Saline di Trapani e Paceco" (Italy), using pitfall traps monthly monitored over 2 years. We analyzed parameters of α- and β-diversity and calculated a number of indexes and measures to disentangle diversity patterns. We also used various approaches to analyze changes in biodiversity over time, such as distributions of species abundances and accumulation and rarefaction curves. As concerns species richness and total abundance of individuals, spring resulted the best season to monitor Isopoda, to reduce sampling efforts, and to save resources without losing information, while in both years abundances were maximum between summer and autumn. This suggests that evaluations of β-diversity are maximized if samples are first collected during the spring and then between summer and autumn. Sampling during these coupled seasons allows to collect a number of species close to the γ-diversity (24 species) of the area. Finally, our results show that seasonal shifts in community composition (i.e., dynamic fluctuations in species abundances during the four seasons) may minimize competitive interactions, contribute to stabilize total abundances, and allow the coexistence of phylogenetically close species within the ecosystem.
生物多样性分析是描述群落和区域物种组成的最具信息量的方法之一。土壤生态系统包含大量无脊椎动物，其中土壤昆虫（甲壳纲，等足目，潮虫亚目）发挥着重要的生态作用。本研究的目的是提供建议，以优化采样工作，有效监测该分类群的多样性，分析其物种组成的季节模式，并最终更好地理解在相对较小的区域内如此众多物种的共存情况。在意大利的“特拉帕尼盐沼与帕塞科自然保护区”，使用陷阱诱捕器每月进行监测，持续2年，收集陆生等足类动物。我们分析了α多样性和β多样性参数，并计算了一些指数和度量来解析多样性模式。我们还使用了各种方法来分析生物多样性随时间的变化，例如物种丰度分布以及累积和稀疏曲线。关于物种丰富度和个体总丰度，春季是监测等足类动物、减少采样工作量并在不丢失信息的情况下节省资源的最佳季节，而在这两年中，丰度在夏季和秋季之间达到最大值。这表明，如果首先在春季采集样本，然后在夏季和秋季之间采集样本，β多样性的评估将达到最大化。在这些相连的季节进行采样可以收集到接近该地区γ多样性（24种）的物种数量。最后，我们的结果表明，群落组成的季节性变化（即四个季节中物种丰度的动态波动）可能会使竞争相互作用最小化，有助于稳定总丰度，并允许生态系统内系统发育关系相近的物种共存。
