Fordyce James A, DeVries Philip J
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA.
Oecologia. 2016 May;181(1):235-43. doi: 10.1007/s00442-016-3562-0. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
Tropical fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies generally restrict adult foraging exclusively to either the canopy or understory strata. We compared canopy and understory butterfly communities using data from four long-term studies in Central and South America. At all study sites we found little similarity in species composition between canopy and understory, with most species showing a strong affinity for one of the two habitats. There was a consistent phylogenetic signal for canopy and understory association, suggesting a substantial evolutionary history with these habitats. In addition to compositional differences, we found different patterns of beta diversity between canopy and understory communities. Across all study sites, the canopy had greater temporal and spatial beta diversity compared to the understory. Although these two communities are composed of the same feeding guild and separated only by a relatively small vertical space, each has its own stratum-specific species composition and community dynamics.
以热带水果为食的蛱蝶科蝴蝶通常将成虫觅食活动仅局限于树冠层或林下叶层。我们利用中美洲和南美洲四项长期研究的数据，比较了树冠层和林下叶层的蝴蝶群落。在所有研究地点，我们发现树冠层和林下叶层的物种组成几乎没有相似之处，大多数物种对这两种栖息地之一表现出强烈的偏好。树冠层和林下叶层的关联存在一致的系统发育信号，表明与这些栖息地有着丰富的进化历史。除了组成差异外，我们还发现树冠层和林下叶层群落之间的β多样性模式不同。在所有研究地点，树冠层的时间和空间β多样性均高于林下叶层。尽管这两个群落由相同的取食类群组成，且仅被相对较小的垂直空间分隔，但每个群落都有其特定层的物种组成和群落动态。
