Salas Reiofeli A, Burgos Nilda R, Tranel Patrick J, Singh Shilpa, Glasgow Les, Scott Robert C, Nichols Robert L
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2016 May;72(5):864-9. doi: 10.1002/ps.4241. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
The widespread occurrence of ALS inhibitor- and glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri has led to increasing use of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in cotton and soybean. Studies were conducted to confirm resistance to fomesafen (a PPO inhibitor), determine the resistance frequency, examine the resistance profile to other foliar-applied herbicides and investigate the resistance mechanism of resistant plants in a population collected in 2011 (AR11-LAW B) and its progenies from two cycles of fomesafen selection (C1 and C2).
The frequency of fomesafen-resistant plants increased from 5% in the original AR11-LAW-B to 17% in the C2 population. The amounts of fomesafen that caused 50% growth reduction were 6-, 13- and 21-fold greater in AR11-LAW-B, C1 and C2 populations, respectively, than in the sensitive ecotype. The AR11-LAW-B population was sensitive to atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate and mesotrione but resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. Fomesafen survivors from C1 and C2 populations tested positive for the PPO glycine 210 deletion previously reported in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus).
These studies confirmed that Palmer amaranth in Arkansas has evolved resistance to foliar-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicide.
对ALS抑制剂和草甘膦具有抗性的帕尔默苋广泛出现，导致棉花和大豆中对原卟啉原氧化酶（PPO）抑制性除草剂的使用增加。开展了多项研究，以确认对乙羧氟草醚（一种PPO抑制剂）的抗性，确定抗性频率，检测对其他叶面施用除草剂的抗性谱，并研究2011年采集的一个种群（AR11-LAW B）及其经过两个周期乙羧氟草醚筛选（C1和C2）的后代中抗性植株的抗性机制。
乙羧氟草醚抗性植株的频率从原始AR11-LAW-B种群中的5%增加到C2种群中的17%。导致生长降低50%的乙羧氟草醚用量，在AR11-LAW-B、C1和C2种群中分别比敏感生态型高6倍、13倍和21倍。AR11-LAW-B种群对莠去津、麦草畏、草铵膦、草甘膦和硝磺草酮敏感，但对ALS抑制性除草剂嘧草硫醚和三氟磺隆具有抗性。C1和C2种群中的乙羧氟草醚存活植株对先前在水麻（糙果苋）中报道的PPO甘氨酸210缺失检测呈阳性。
这些研究证实，阿肯色州的帕尔默苋已对叶面施用的PPO抑制性除草剂产生抗性。
