Beauchamp Gillian A, McKeown Nathanael J, Rodriguez Sergio, Spyker Daniel A
a Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , OR , USA ;
b Department of Geography , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA , USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Mar;54(3):235-40. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1135336. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) monitors influenza like illness (ILI) and the National Poison Data System (NPDS) warehouses call data uploaded by US poison centers regarding reported exposures to medication.
We examined the relationship between calls to poison centers regarding reported exposures to medications commonly used to treat ILI and weekly reports of ILI.
The CDC reports ILI, by age group, for each of 10 Health and Human Services (HHS) regions. We examined NPDS summary data from calls reported to poison centers regarding reported exposures to acetaminophen, cough/cold medications, and promethazine, for the same weeks, age groups, and HHS regions for influenza seasons 2000-2013. ILI and NPDS exposures were examined using graphical plots, descriptive statistics, stepwise regression analysis, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
About 5,101,841 influenza-like illness cases were reported to the CDC, and 2,122,940 calls regarding reported exposures to medications commonly used to treat ILI, were reported by poison centers to the NPDS over the 13 flu seasons. Analysis of stepwise models of the linear untransformed data involving 24 NPDS data groups and for 60 ILI measures, over the 13 influenza seasons, demonstrated that reported exposures to medications used to treat ILI correlated with reported cases of ILI with a median R(2 )=( )0.489 (min R(2 )=( )0.248, max R(2 )=( )0.717), with mean ± SD of R(2 )=( )0.494 ± 0.121. Median number of parameters used (degrees of freedom - 1) was 7.
NPDS data regarding poison center calls for selected ILI medication exposures were highly correlated with CDC ILI data. Since NPDS data are available in real time, it provides complimentary ILI monitoring. This approach may provide public health value in predicting other illnesses which are not currently as thoroughly monitored.
疾病控制中心（CDC）监测流感样疾病（ILI），国家毒物数据系统（NPDS）存储美国毒物中心上传的有关报告的药物暴露的数据。
我们研究了向毒物中心报告的有关常用治疗ILI药物暴露的电话与ILI每周报告之间的关系。
CDC按年龄组报告10个卫生与公众服务部（HHS）地区中每个地区的ILI情况。我们研究了2000 - 2013年流感季节同一周、年龄组和HHS地区向毒物中心报告的有关对乙酰氨基酚、止咳/感冒药和异丙嗪暴露的NPDS汇总数据。使用图形图、描述性统计、逐步回归分析和地理信息系统（GIS）对ILI和NPDS暴露情况进行研究。
在13个流感季节中，约5101841例流感样疾病病例报告给了CDC，毒物中心向NPDS报告了2122940例有关常用治疗ILI药物暴露的电话。对13个流感季节中涉及24个NPDS数据组和60个ILI测量值的线性未转换数据的逐步模型分析表明，报告的用于治疗ILI药物的暴露与报告的ILI病例相关，中位数R² = 0.489（最小R² = 0.248，最大R² = 0.717），R²的均值±标准差为0.494±0.121。使用的参数中位数（自由度 - 1）为7。
NPDS中有关毒物中心对选定ILI药物暴露的电话数据与CDC的ILI数据高度相关。由于NPDS数据可实时获取，它提供了补充性的ILI监测。这种方法可能在预测目前监测不够全面的其他疾病方面具有公共卫生价值。
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