Ter Borg Sovianne, de Groot Lisette C P G M, Mijnarends Donja M, de Vries Jeanne H M, Verlaan Sjors, Meijboom Saskia, Luiking Yvette C, Schols Jos M G A
Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 May 1;17(5):393-401. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.12.015. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
There is growing evidence of a relationship between nutrients and muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Although nutrition is seen as an important pillar of treating sarcopenia, data on the nutritional intake of sarcopenic older adults are limited.
To investigate potential nutritional gaps in the sarcopenic population, the present study compared nutrient intake and biochemical nutrient status between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults.
The Maastricht Sarcopenia Study included 227 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) from Maastricht, 53 of whom were sarcopenic based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People algorithm. Habitual dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and data on dietary supplement use were collected. In addition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, magnesium and α-tocopherol/cholesterol, plasma homocysteine and red blood cell n-3, and n-6 fatty acids profiles were assessed. Nutrient intake and biochemical nutrient status of the sarcopenic groups were compared with those of the nonsarcopenic groups. The robustness of these results was tested with a multiple regression analysis, taking into account between-group differences in characteristics.
Sarcopenic older adults had a 10%-18% lower intake of 5 nutrients (n-3 fatty acids, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin E, magnesium) compared with nonsarcopenic older adults (P < .05). When taking into account dietary supplement intake, a 19% difference remained for n-3 fatty acids intake (P = .005). For the 2 biochemical status markers, linoleic acid and homocysteine, a 7% and 27% difference was observed, respectively (P < .05). The higher homocysteine level confirmed the observed lower vitamin B intake in the sarcopenic group. Observed differences in eicosapentaenoic acid and 25-hydroxyvitamin D between the groups were related to differences in age and living situation.
Sarcopenic older adults differed in certain nutritional intakes and biochemical nutrient status compared with nonsarcopenic older adults. Dietary supplement intake reduced the gap for some of these nutrients. Targeted nutritional intervention may therefore improve the nutritional intake and biochemical status of sarcopenic older adults.
越来越多的证据表明营养素与肌肉质量、力量及身体机能之间存在关联。尽管营养被视为治疗肌肉减少症的重要支柱，但关于肌肉减少症老年人群营养摄入的数据有限。
为调查肌肉减少症人群潜在的营养缺口，本研究比较了肌肉减少症老年人群与非肌肉减少症老年人群的营养素摄入量及生化营养状况。
马斯特里赫特肌肉减少症研究纳入了来自马斯特里赫特的227名社区居住的老年人（≥65岁），其中53人根据欧洲老年人肌肉减少症工作组的算法被判定为患有肌肉减少症。通过食物频率问卷评估习惯性饮食摄入量，并收集膳食补充剂使用数据。此外，还评估了血清25-羟基维生素D、镁和α-生育酚/胆固醇、血浆同型半胱氨酸以及红细胞n-3和n-6脂肪酸谱。将肌肉减少症组的营养素摄入量和生化营养状况与非肌肉减少症组进行比较。考虑到组间特征差异，通过多元回归分析检验了这些结果的稳健性。
与非肌肉减少症老年人相比，肌肉减少症老年人5种营养素（n-3脂肪酸、维生素B6、叶酸、维生素E、镁）的摄入量低10%-18%（P <.05）。考虑膳食补充剂摄入量后，n-3脂肪酸摄入量仍有19%的差异（P =.005）。对于两种生化状态指标，亚油酸和同型半胱氨酸，分别观察到7%和27%的差异（P <.05）。较高的同型半胱氨酸水平证实了肌肉减少症组维生素B摄入量较低的情况。两组之间二十碳五烯酸和25-羟基维生素D的差异与年龄和生活状况差异有关。
与非肌肉减少症老年人相比，肌肉减少症老年人在某些营养摄入量和生化营养状况方面存在差异。膳食补充剂的摄入缩小了其中一些营养素的差距。因此，有针对性的营养干预可能会改善肌肉减少症老年人的营养摄入和生化状况。
