右美沙芬：其在神经和神经精神疾病中的应用最新进展。

Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

作者信息

Nguyen Linda, Thomas Kelan L, Lucke-Wold Brandon P, Cavendish John Z, Crowe Molly S, Matsumoto Rae R

机构信息

Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.

出版信息

Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;159:1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.016. Epub 2016 Jan 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.016

PMID:26826604

Abstract

Dextromethorphan (DM) is a commonly used antitussive and is currently the only FDA-approved pharmaceutical treatment for pseudobulbar affect. Its safety profile and diverse pharmacologic actions in the central nervous system have stimulated new interest for repurposing it. Numerous preclinical investigations and many open-label or blinded clinical studies have demonstrated its beneficial effects across a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the optimal dose and safety of chronic dosing are not fully known. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical effects of DM and its putative mechanisms of action, focusing on depression, stroke, traumatic brain injury, seizure, pain, methotrexate neurotoxicity, Parkinson's disease and autism. Moreover, we offer suggestions for future research with DM to advance the treatment for these and other neurological and psychiatric disorders.

摘要

右美沙芬（DM）是一种常用的镇咳药，目前是美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的唯一用于治疗假性延髓情绪的药物。其安全性和在中枢神经系统中的多种药理作用激发了人们对其重新利用的新兴趣。大量临床前研究以及许多开放标签或双盲临床研究表明，它对多种神经和精神疾病具有有益作用。然而，长期给药的最佳剂量和安全性尚不完全清楚。本综述总结了右美沙芬的临床前和临床作用及其可能的作用机制，重点关注抑郁症、中风、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫、疼痛、甲氨蝶呤神经毒性、帕金森病和自闭症。此外，我们为未来右美沙芬的研究提供建议，以推进对这些以及其他神经和精神疾病的治疗。