Kondo Michelle C, Sharma Raghav, Plante Alain F, Yang Yunwen, Burstyn Igor
J Environ Qual. 2016 Jan;45(1):107-18. doi: 10.2134/jeq2014.10.0421.
Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is designed to capture stormwater for infiltration, detention, evapotranspiration, or reuse. Soils play a key role in stormwater interception at these facilities. It is important to assess whether contamination is occurring in GSI soils because urban stormwater drainage areas often accumulate elements of concern. Soil contamination could affect hydrologic and ecosystem functions. Maintenance workers and the public may also be exposed to GSI soils. We investigated soil elemental concentrations, categorized as macro- and micronutrients, heavy metals, and other elements, at 59 GSI sites in the city of Philadelphia. Non-GSI soil samples 3 to 5 m upland of GSI sites were used for comparison. We evaluated differences in elemental composition in GSI and non-GSI soils; the comparisons were corrected for the age of GSI facility, underlying soil type, street drainage, and surrounding land use. Concentrations of Ca and I were greater than background levels at GSI sites. Although GSI facilities appear to accumulate Ca and I, these elements do not pose a significant human health risk. Elements of concern to human health, including Cd, Hg, and Pb, were either no different or were lower in GSI soils compared with non-GSI soils. However, mean values found across GSI sites were up to four times greater than soil cleanup objectives for residential use.
绿色雨水基础设施（GSI）旨在收集雨水以进行渗透、滞留、蒸发蒸腾或再利用。土壤在这些设施的雨水截留中起着关键作用。评估GSI土壤中是否发生污染很重要，因为城市雨水排水区域通常会积累令人关注的元素。土壤污染可能会影响水文和生态系统功能。维护工人和公众也可能接触到GSI土壤。我们调查了费城59个GSI场地土壤中的元素浓度，这些元素分为大量和微量营养素、重金属以及其他元素。使用GSI场地高地3至5米处的非GSI土壤样本进行比较。我们评估了GSI土壤和非GSI土壤中元素组成的差异；对这些比较进行了校正，以考虑GSI设施的使用年限、下层土壤类型、街道排水和周边土地利用情况。GSI场地中钙和碘的浓度高于背景水平。尽管GSI设施似乎会积累钙和碘，但这些元素不会对人类健康构成重大风险。与非GSI土壤相比，对人类健康构成关注的元素，包括镉、汞和铅，在GSI土壤中要么没有差异，要么含量更低。然而，GSI场地的平均值比住宅用途的土壤清理目标高出四倍。
