Müller M, Lang J, Schawalder P, Rytz U
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 1989;131(8):485-6, 491-3.
The radiological findings regarding eggs (variation in form, size, shell thickness, degree of calcification) combined with the clinical symptoms (Ca-Gluconate and Oxytocin application as well as unsuccessful labour contractions and constipation) set up the diagnosis of dystocia in the tortoise. Celiotomy is the remedy for cesarean section, ovariosalpingotomy and gastrointestinal foreign body. A large, topographically well-placed Plastron incision, separation and reposition of the m. pectoralis and m. obliquus internus abdominis using cross-stitch sutures, as well as the careful manipulation of tissues, are of great importance. Gastrotomy is even feasible on terrapins through a partial detachment of the stomach from the liver, enabling a sufficient presentation of the stomach.
关于龟卵的放射学检查结果（形态、大小、蛋壳厚度、钙化程度的变化），结合临床症状（应用葡萄糖酸钙和催产素以及无效的子宫收缩和便秘），确立了龟难产的诊断。剖腹术是剖宫产、卵巢输卵管切开术和胃肠道异物取出术的治疗方法。在腹甲上做一个大的、位置合适的切口，使用十字缝合法分离并重新定位胸肌和腹内斜肌，以及小心地操作组织，非常重要。对于水龟，通过将胃部分从肝脏分离，甚至可以进行胃切开术，以便充分暴露胃部。
