轮值警察的血压、睡眠质量与疲劳：十二小时排班制度对心血管和睡眠健康的影响
Blood Pressure, Sleep Quality and Fatigue in Shift Working Police Officers: Effects of a Twelve Hour Roster System on Cardiovascular and Sleep Health.
作者信息
Elliott Jaymen L, Lal Sara
机构信息
Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Jan 29;13(2):172. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13020172.
BACKGROUND
Police officers have been reported to exhibit a high incidence of pathologies, which present prematurely in an otherwise healthy population. Shift work has also been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and sleep disorders, attributable to its propensity for circadian rhythm dysfunction. However, contention exists as to whether shift work has a direct effect upon blood pressure (BP) regulation.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study sought to determine changes in BP and associations with the overall sleep quality and fatigue in 206 general duties police officers (n = 140 males) of the New South Wales Police Force in Australia. The subjects' BP was assessed before and after their twelve hour shift, during which time they also completed the Lifestyle Appraisal Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).
RESULTS
Poor sleep quality (PSQI) and fatigue severity (FSS) were found to predominate in the sample (69% and 51% respectively). Although there was no change in BP for male participants, female officers' systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to increase significantly across the shift (p < 0.001), but with no change found in females' diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Finally, higher pre and post-shift SBP (r = -0.26, p = 0.001; r = -0.25, p = 0.001, respectively) and DBP (r = -0.26, p = 0.001; r = -0.26, p = 0.001, respectively) were significantly correlated with lower FSS scores after accounting for age, waist-hip ratio and lifestyle risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on these preliminary findings, there was a significant increase in SBP of female police officers after shift work, while BP and fatigue levels in all police officers were strongly related. Moreover, the predominating poor sleep quality and impact of fatigue in this sample remain a concern. Further research is required to ensure the physiological welfare of police officers, while strategies must be implemented to manage the detrimental effects shift work may be having upon their cardiovascular and sleep health.
背景
据报道，警察群体中疾病发生率较高，这些疾病在原本健康的人群中过早出现。轮班工作也与心血管疾病和睡眠障碍风险增加有关，这归因于其导致昼夜节律功能紊乱的倾向。然而，关于轮班工作是否对血压（BP）调节有直接影响仍存在争议。
方法
这项横断面研究旨在确定澳大利亚新南威尔士州警察部队的206名执行普通任务的警察（n = 140名男性）的血压变化以及与整体睡眠质量和疲劳的关联。在他们12小时轮班前后评估受试者的血压，在此期间他们还完成了生活方式评估问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、爱泼华嗜睡量表和疲劳严重程度量表（FSS）。
结果
发现样本中睡眠质量差（PSQI）和疲劳严重程度（FSS）占主导（分别为69%和51%）。虽然男性参与者的血压没有变化，但发现女性警察的收缩压（SBP）在整个轮班期间显著升高（p < 0.001），但女性的舒张压（DBP）没有变化。最后，在考虑年龄、腰臀比和生活方式风险因素后，轮班前和轮班后的较高SBP（分别为r = -0.26，p = 0.001；r = -0.25，p = 0.001）和DBP（分别为r = -0.26，p = 0.001；r = -0.26，p = 0.001）与较低的FSS评分显著相关。
结论
基于这些初步发现，女性警察轮班工作后SBP显著升高，而所有警察的血压和疲劳水平密切相关。此外，该样本中普遍存在的睡眠质量差和疲劳影响仍然令人担忧。需要进一步研究以确保警察的生理健康，同时必须实施策略来应对轮班工作可能对他们的心血管和睡眠健康产生的不利影响。
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