Halliburton Amanda Elizabeth, Bray Bethany Cara
a Psychology, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia , USA.
b The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University , State College , Pennsylvania , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51(3):343-56. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1110169. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
Inhalant use by adolescents is cause for concern due to the early age of inhalant use initiation and the many short- and long-term health consequences that can occur concurrently with and subsequent to use. However, inhalant use research has been limited relative to the literature available on other drug use.
The present research examined long-term trends in inhalant use prevalence, demographic risk factors of inhalant use, and median grade level of first use.
Monitoring the Future data from 1991 to 2011, which includes information drawn from United States eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders, were examined. The total sample comprised more than one million participants. Results were examined descriptively with figures and quantitatively with mixed-effects regression models of the effect of time on use rates.
Inhalant use prevalence rates generally declined over the selected period. Though rates of use by males and females decreased significantly, the proportion of females among lifetime users increased significantly. Whites, Hispanics, and members of uncategorized "other" ethnicities showed the highest prevalence rates. Although the proportion of Whites among lifetime users decreased significantly, the proportion of Hispanics and "other" ethnicities increased significantly. The median first use was between sixth and ninth grade.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Results suggest a need to tailor inhalant use treatment and prevention programs to the needs of specific demographic groups and to target interventions early to prevent youth inhalant use. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
青少年使用吸入剂令人担忧，因为开始使用吸入剂的年龄较早，而且使用期间及之后会同时出现许多短期和长期健康后果。然而，与其他药物使用方面的现有文献相比，吸入剂使用研究一直较为有限。
本研究考察了吸入剂使用流行率的长期趋势、吸入剂使用的人口统计学风险因素以及首次使用的年级中位数。
对1991年至2011年“监测未来”的数据进行了考察，这些数据来自美国八年级、十年级和十二年级的学生。总样本包括超过100万名参与者。结果通过图表进行描述性分析，并使用时间对使用率影响的混合效应回归模型进行定量分析。
在选定期间，吸入剂使用流行率总体呈下降趋势。虽然男性和女性的使用率均显著下降，但终身使用者中女性的比例显著增加。白人、西班牙裔以及未分类的“其他”族裔的使用率最高。虽然终身使用者中白人的比例显著下降，但西班牙裔和“其他”族裔的比例显著增加。首次使用的年级中位数在六年级至九年级之间。
结论/重要性：结果表明，有必要根据特定人口群体的需求调整吸入剂使用治疗和预防方案，并尽早开展干预措施以防止青少年使用吸入剂。文中讨论了本研究的优势、局限性以及未来研究的方向。
