Thomé Helder Esteves, de Arruda Rubens Paes, de Oliveira Bruna Marcele Martins, Maturana Filho Milton, de Oliveira Guilherme Cain, Guimarães Carina de Fátima, de Carvalho Balieiro Júlio César, Azedo Milton Ricardo, Pogliani Fábio Celidônio, Celeghini Eneiva Carla Carvalho
Department of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
Theriogenology. 2016 Jun;85(9):1549-1554. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.014. Epub 2016 Jan 16.
Productivity rates directly depend on the fertility of a herd, which in turn can be influenced by many factors. Semen deposited in the female reproductive tract is foreign to the body and, in response to this invasion, produces an inflammatory reaction, which is characterized by rapid infusion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. Techniques to obtain an endometrial sample are usually invasive and can mask the true inflammatory response. Ultrasound is a noninvasive technique and can contribute to the diagnosis of postartificial insemination (AI) inflammatory response in cattle. The present study was divided into two experiments. The aim of experiment 1 was to compare two methods of endometrial cytology collection, uterine cytobrush (UC) and uterine lavage (UL), and their effects on uterine hemodynamics that provide information about blood flow. The two methods were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound using the spectral and color modes. For that purpose, 19 Nellore cows were synchronized for timed AI and subjected to UC (n = 9) or UL (n = 10). The techniques were performed 4 hours after AI. The results showed that both techniques allow collection of a good quality sample and with enough PMN cells to perform counting. More PMN cells were obtained by UL than UC. There was no difference in uterine blood flow between the UC and UL groups in any of the periods evaluated (34 hours before and 4, 24, and 48 hours after collection of uterine sample). On the basis of results of experiment 1, the effect of UL on fertility was studied in experiment 2. A total of 128 Nellore cows were synchronized for TAI; 35 cows were subjected to endometrial cytology by UL 4 hours after AI, and 93 were not submitted to any procedure (control). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal ultrasound 30 days after AI. Pregnancy rates did not differ between UL (54.29%) and control (56.99%) groups. The results of this study showed that UL allows the collection of more representative cells of the surface of the uterus than UC technique and causes no damage to the reproductive tract. Moreover, UL did not affect pregnancy rate when performed 4 hours after AI.
生产率直接取决于畜群的繁殖力，而繁殖力又会受到许多因素的影响。进入雌性生殖道的精液对于机体来说是外来物质，作为对这种入侵的反应，会产生炎症反应，其特征是多形核（PMN）细胞迅速浸润。获取子宫内膜样本的技术通常具有侵入性，可能会掩盖真正的炎症反应。超声是一种非侵入性技术，有助于诊断牛人工授精（AI）后的炎症反应。本研究分为两个实验。实验1的目的是比较两种子宫内膜细胞学采集方法，即子宫细胞刷（UC）和子宫灌洗（UL），以及它们对子宫血流动力学的影响，子宫血流动力学可提供有关血流的信息。使用频谱和彩色模式通过多普勒超声对这两种方法进行评估。为此，19头内洛尔牛进行定时人工授精同步处理，并接受UC（n = 9）或UL（n = 10）。在人工授精后4小时进行这些技术操作。结果表明，两种技术都能采集到高质量的样本，且有足够的PMN细胞进行计数。UL获得的PMN细胞比UC更多。在评估的任何时期（采集子宫样本前34小时以及采集后4、24和48小时），UC组和UL组之间的子宫血流均无差异。基于实验1的结果，在实验2中研究了UL对繁殖力的影响。总共128头内洛尔牛进行定时人工授精同步处理；35头牛在人工授精后4小时通过UL进行子宫内膜细胞学检查，93头未进行任何处理（对照组）。在人工授精后30天通过经直肠超声进行妊娠诊断。UL组（54.29%）和对照组（56.99%）的妊娠率没有差异。本研究结果表明，与UC技术相比，UL能采集到更多子宫表面具有代表性的细胞，且不会对生殖道造成损伤。此外，在人工授精后4小时进行UL操作不会影响妊娠率。
