Karylowski Jerzy J, Mrozinski Blazej
a Instytut Psychologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk , Warsaw , Poland.
b Department of Psychology , University of North Florida , Jacksonville , FL , USA.
Memory. 2017 Feb;25(2):164-169. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1137323. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
Self-reports regarding how people visualise themselves during events that occurred in the past show that for events from the distant past individuals report assuming a more external perspective than for events from the recent past [Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 467-482; Pronin, E., & Ross, L. (2006). Temporal differences in trait self-ascription. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 90, 197-209]. Thus it appears that, with the passage of time, representations of self embodied in memories of past events lose their position of an insider and assume a more ordinary position of self as an object seen from the perspective of an outside observer. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine this shift using a performance-based measure of accessibility. Results showed that self-judgements regarding unobservable, covert characteristics were faster for recent-compared to more distant-autobiographical events. However, self-judgements regarding observable, overt characteristics were faster for more distant events. This suggests an accessibility-based mechanism underlying the shift from internal to the relatively more external perspective in forming self-images related to the distant past.
关于人们如何在过去发生的事件中想象自己的自我报告显示，对于遥远过去的事件，与近期过去的事件相比，个体报告称自己假设的视角更具外部性[尼格罗，G.，& 奈塞尔，U.（1983）。个人记忆中的视角。《认知心理学》，15，467 - 482；普罗宁，E.，& 罗斯，L.（2006）。特质自我归因中的时间差异。《人格与社会心理学杂志》，90，197 - 209]。因此，随着时间的推移，体现在过去事件记忆中的自我表征似乎失去了其内部人的地位，并从外部观察者的视角呈现出一个更普通的自我客体地位。本实验的目的是使用基于表现的可及性测量方法来检验这种转变。结果表明，与更遥远的自传体事件相比，近期自传体事件中关于不可观察的、隐蔽特征的自我判断更快。然而，对于更遥远的事件，关于可观察的、公开特征的自我判断更快。这表明在形成与遥远过去相关的自我形象时，从内部视角向相对更外部视角转变的背后存在一种基于可及性的机制。
