Chavatte-Palmer Pascale, Vialard François, Tarrade Anne, Dupont Charlotte, Duranthon Véronique, Lévy Rachel
UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Unité Gamète-Implantation-Gestation, EA7404 Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines et Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy St-Germain, laboratoire assistance médicale à la procréation-cytogénétique, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2016 Jan;32(1):57-65. doi: 10.1051/medsci/20163201010. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
The pre- and peri-conceptional periods (before and just after fertilization, until the blastocyst stage) are critical in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Maternal in vivo environment, in particular nutrition, can disturb the apposition of epigenetic marks throughout gametogenesis, fertilization and the first steps of embryonic development, which are times during which major epigenetic changes take place. The in vitro environment, in the case of assisted reproduction techniques, also affects epigenetic marks. Whilst the embryo is a target of these changes, female and male gametes are both target and vector of these epigenetic changes, thus leading to multigenerational effects. Long term consequences on the phenotype of offspring vary according to the sex of the vector parent, the sex of the individual and the generation.
受孕前和受孕期间（受精前及刚受精后，直至囊胚期）在健康与疾病的发育起源（DOHaD）背景下至关重要。母体的体内环境，尤其是营养状况，会在整个配子发生、受精及胚胎发育的最初阶段干扰表观遗传标记的附着，而这些阶段正是发生重大表观遗传变化的时期。在辅助生殖技术中，体外环境也会影响表观遗传标记。虽然胚胎是这些变化的靶点，但雌性和雄性配子既是这些表观遗传变化的靶点也是载体，从而导致多代效应。对后代表型的长期影响因载体亲本的性别、个体性别及代际而异。
