Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Apr 15;550:924-933. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.160. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
This study evaluates the potential of manure-derived biochars in promoting plant growth and enhancing soil chemical and biological properties during a 150day pot experiment. Biochars from pyrolysis of poultry litter (PL) and swine manure (SM) at 400 and 600°C, and a commonly available wood chip (WC) biochar produced at high temperature (1000°C) were incorporated to silt-loam (SL) and sandy (SY) soils on a 2% dry soil weight basis. Ryegrass was sown and moisture was adjusted to 60% water filled pore space (WFPS). The PL400 and SM400 biochars significantly increased (p<0.05) shoot dry matter (DM) yields (SL soil) and enhanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake by the plants in both soils, compared to the Control. All biochars significantly increased the soil carbon (C) contents compared to the Control. Total N contents were significantly greater for PL400 and PL600 treatments in both soils. The dehydrogenase activity (DA) significantly increased for PL400 and SM400 treatments and was positively correlated with the volatile matter (VM) contents of the biochars, while β-glucosidase activity (GA) decreased for the same treatments in both soils. All biochars significantly shifted (p≤0.05) the bacterial community structure compared to the Control. This study suggests that pyrolysis of animal manures can produce a biochar that acts as both soil amendment and an organic fertilizer as proven by increased NPK uptake, positive liming effect and high soil nutrient availability, while WC biochar could work only in combination with fertilizers (organic as well as mineral).
本研究通过为期 150 天的盆栽试验,评估了来源于粪便的生物炭在促进植物生长和增强土壤化学和生物学特性方面的潜力。在粉土(SL)和沙土(SY)中,以 2%干土重的比例添加了 400°C 和 600°C 热解鸡粪(PL)和猪粪(SM)生物炭,以及一种常用的高温(1000°C)制备的木片生物炭。在两种土壤中,黑麦草播种后,将水分调节至 60%的饱和含水量。与对照相比,PL400 和 SM400 生物炭显著增加了(p<0.05)两种土壤中地上部干物质(DM)产量,并增强了植物对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的吸收。与对照相比,所有生物炭均显著增加了土壤碳(C)含量。在两种土壤中,PL400 和 PL600 处理的全氮(N)含量显著高于对照。PL400 和 SM400 处理的脱氢酶活性(DA)显著增加,与生物炭的挥发分(VM)含量呈正相关,而β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(GA)在两种土壤中均随相同处理而降低。与对照相比,所有生物炭均显著改变了(p≤0.05)细菌群落结构。本研究表明,动物粪便热解可以产生一种生物炭,既能作为土壤改良剂,又能作为有机肥,这可通过增加 NPK 吸收、正石灰化效应和提高土壤养分有效性来证明,而 WC 生物炭仅能与肥料(有机和矿物)结合使用。