Ackermann E
Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Zentralinstitut für Krebsforschung, Berlin-Buch.
Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1989;173(2):127-33.
Tobacco smoking is a form of drug addiction and drug dependence. The neuropharmacological action of nicotine is mediated by nicotinergic synapses of the mesencephalic formatio reticularis resulting in increased cognitive efficiency within only 7 seconds after nicotine absorption from inhaled cigarette smoke. Nicotine is an addictive drug and tobacco smoking an addictive habit. Nicotine and its main metabolite cotinine can be termined gaschromatographically today, so that reliable statements can be made about a man's smoking habits. But these methods are expensive, time consuming and dependent on a special technical equipment not allover available in clinical laboratories. Measurement of carbon monoxide in alveolar breath seems to be the most suited method for clinical practice, because it correlates very close with COHb, it is rapid and easy to perform with a special analytical apparatus. With the new methods developed for analysis of nicotine and cotinine it is proved unequivocally that passive smoking increases the nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the body fluids of nonsmokers and that components of tobacco smoke are inhaled in harmful amounts.
吸烟是一种药物成瘾和药物依赖的形式。尼古丁的神经药理学作用是由中脑网状结构的烟碱能突触介导的，吸入香烟烟雾中的尼古丁被吸收后仅7秒内就能提高认知效率。尼古丁是一种成瘾性药物，吸烟是一种成瘾性习惯。如今，尼古丁及其主要代谢物可替宁可以用气相色谱法测定，因此可以对一个人的吸烟习惯做出可靠的判断。但这些方法成本高、耗时，且依赖于临床实验室并非普遍具备的特殊技术设备。测量肺泡气中的一氧化碳似乎是临床实践中最合适的方法，因为它与碳氧血红蛋白密切相关，使用特殊分析仪器操作快速且简便。通过新开发的尼古丁和可替宁分析方法，明确证明了被动吸烟会增加非吸烟者体液中的尼古丁和可替宁浓度，且烟草烟雾中的成分会以有害量被吸入。
