Neugebauer R
Gertrude H. Sergievsly Center, Faculty of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.
Am J Psychiatry. 1989 Dec;146(12):1580-4. doi: 10.1176/ajp.146.12.1580.
Histories of psychiatry concerning preindustrial Europe emphasize demonologic beliefs and physical mistreatment of the insane. Records of an English legal incompetency jurisdiction demonstrate that both government officials and laymen accepted that psychiatric disorders had biological and psychosocial origins. This jurisdiction, which developed a social welfare dimension by the seventeenth century, offered benevolent protection for the insane. Private guardians arranged for the lodging and care of their wards in private homes. While physicians played little role in the certification process, the guardians made frequent use of their skills. Furthermore, some physicians with established reputations in psychiatry accepted patients into their homes for prolonged cures.
有关工业化前欧洲的精神病学历史强调对疯子的魔鬼信仰和身体虐待。英国一个无行为能力管辖权的记录表明，政府官员和普通民众都认为精神疾病有生物学和社会心理根源。这个管辖权在17世纪发展出了社会福利层面，为疯子提供了仁慈的保护。私人监护人安排他们的受监护人在私人住宅中住宿和接受照顾。虽然医生在认证过程中作用不大，但监护人经常利用他们的技能。此外，一些在精神病学领域享有声誉的医生会将患者接到家中进行长期治疗。
