Wang Honglei, An Junlin, Cheng Mengtian, Shen Lijuan, Zhu Bin, Li Yi, Wang Yuesi, Duan Qing, Sullivan Amy, Xia Li
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Chemosphere. 2016 Apr;148:526-36. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.066. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
Half-hourly mass concentrations water-soluble ions (WSIs) and PM2.5 were measured online a Rapid Collector of Fine Particles and Ion Chromatography system (RCFP-IC) and FH62C14 Continuous Particulate Monitor in Nanjing from October 18, 2013 to November 17, 2014. The WSIs concentration ranged from 7.07 to 333.42 μg m(-3) with an annual mean of 76.32 μg m(-3). The WSIs ranked in the order of SO4(2-) > NH4(+) > NO3(-) > Cl(-) > NO2(-) > K(+) > Ca(2+) > Na(+) > Mg(2+). The PM2.5 concentration ranged from 4.00 to 400 μg m(-3) with an annual mean of 83.58 μg m(-3). The concentrations of WSIs varied in the order of winter (115.77 μg m(-3)) > spring (76.10 μg m(-3)) > autumn (63.72 μg m(-3)) > summer (59.75 μg m(-3)), with the highest level in January (123.99 μg m(-3)) and lowest level in August (43.73 μg m(-3)). Different WSIs had distinct diurnal variations. The source analysis of the WSIs in the PCA/APCS mode illustrated that the sources consisted of secondary aerosol, coal combustion, mineral dust, biomass burning, traffic emissions and sea salt. In addition, there were seasonal variations amongst the various sources. The haze formation mechanism was different in summer and winter. The winter was dominated by NH4NO3 (18.56%), (NH4)2SO4 (28.63%), NH4(+) (11.27%), SO4(2-) (18.35%) and NO3(-) (13.13%), and by NH3 (25.93%), (NH4)2SO4 (13.37%), SO4(2-) (15.74%) and NO3(-) (9.97%) in summer. Consequently, the proportions of HCl, HNO3, NH4(+), SO4(2-) and NO3(-) were much larger during haze episodes in winter, while it was dominated by NH4NO3, NH4(+), (NH4)2SO4, SO4(2-) and NO3(-) during summer haze episodes.
2013年10月18日至2014年11月17日期间，在南京使用快速细颗粒物收集器和离子色谱系统（RCFP-IC）以及FH62C14连续颗粒物监测仪在线测量了半小时一次的水溶性离子（WSIs）和PM2.5的质量浓度。WSIs浓度范围为7.07至333.42μg m(-3)，年平均值为76.32μg m(-3)。WSIs的排序为SO4(2-) > NH4(+) > NO3(-) > Cl(-) > NO2(-) > K(+) > Ca(2+) > Na(+) > Mg(2+)。PM2.5浓度范围为4.00至400μg m(-3)，年平均值为83.58μg m(-3)。WSIs浓度变化顺序为冬季（115.77μg m(-3)）>春季（76.10μg m(-3)）>秋季（63.72μg m(-3)）>夏季（59.75μg m(-3)），1月最高（123.99μg m(-3)），8月最低（43.73μg m(-3)）。不同的WSIs有明显的日变化。PCA/APCS模式下WSIs的源分析表明，其来源包括二次气溶胶、煤炭燃烧、矿物粉尘、生物质燃烧、交通排放和海盐。此外，各种来源之间存在季节变化。夏季和冬季的雾霾形成机制不同。冬季以NH4NO3（18.56%）、(NH4)2SO4（28.63%）、NH4(+)（11.27%）、SO4(2-)（18.35%）和NO3(-)（13.13%）为主，夏季以NH3（25.93%）、(NH4)2SO4（13.37%）、SO4(2-)（15.74%）和NO3(-)（9.97%）为主。因此，冬季雾霾期间HCl、HNO3、NH4(+)、SO4(2-)和NO3(-)的比例要大得多，而夏季雾霾期间则以NH4NO3、NH4(+)、(NH4)2SO4、SO4(2-)和NO3(-)为主。
