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果胶酶酵母在葡萄酒酿造中的澄清和酚类提取的选择和应用。

Selection and use of pectinolytic yeasts for improving clarification and phenolic extraction in winemaking.

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Agrovin, S.A., Alcázar de San Juan, 13600 Ciudad Real, Spain.

出版信息

Int J Food Microbiol. 2016 Apr 16;223:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

Abstract

Pectinase enzymes have shown a considerable influence in both, sensitive and technological properties of wines. They can help to improve clarification process, releasing more color and flavor compounds entrapped in grape skin, facilitating the liberation of phenolic compounds. This work aims to find yeasts that, because of their native pectinases, can be applied on combined fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtaining significant benefits over single-inoculated traditional fermentations. 462 yeast strains isolated from wineries were identified and tested for several enzymatic activities of recognized interest for enology industry. Considering the 7 identified species, only Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Metschnikowia fructicola showed polygalacturonase activity. Because of its interest in winemaking, due to its reported incidence in wine flavor, the impact of M. pulcherrima as a source of pectinolytic enzymes was analyzed by measuring its influence in filterability, turbidity and the increase on color, anthocyanin and polyphenol content of wines fermented in combination with S. cerevisiae. Among the strains screened, M. pulcherrima NS-EM-34 was selected, due to its polygalacturonase activity, for further characterization in both, laboratory and semi-industrial scale assays. The kinetics concerning several metabolites of enological concern were followed during the entire fermentation process at microvinification scale. Improved results were obtained in the expected parameters when M. pulcherrima NS-EM-34 was used, in comparison to wines fermented with S. cerevisiae alone and combined with other pectinolytic and non-pectinolytic yeasts (A. pullulans and Lachancea thermotolerans, respectively), even working better than commercial enzymes preparations in most parameters. Additionally, M. pulcherrima NS-EM-34 was used at a semi-industrial scale combined with three different S. cerevisiae strains, confirming its potential application for red wine improvement on the mentioned sensorial and technological properties.

摘要

果胶酶在葡萄酒的感官和技术特性方面都有显著的影响。它们可以帮助改善澄清过程,释放更多的颜色和风味化合物,促进酚类化合物的释放。本工作旨在寻找具有天然果胶酶的酵母,可以与酿酒酵母进行组合发酵,从而获得比单一接种传统发酵显著的优势。从酿酒厂分离出的 462 株酵母菌株被鉴定并测试了对酿酒工业有重要意义的几种酶活性。在所鉴定的 7 个种中,只有出芽短梗霉、美丽枝霉和果糖美枝霉显示出多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性。由于其在葡萄酒酿造中的重要性,以及其在葡萄酒风味中的报道发生率,通过测量其对葡萄酒过滤性、浑浊度和颜色、花色苷和多酚含量的影响,分析了 M. pulcherrima 作为果胶酶来源的影响,这些葡萄酒是与酿酒酵母组合发酵的。在所筛选的菌株中,由于其多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性,选择 M. pulcherrima NS-EM-34 进行进一步的实验室和半工业规模的表征。在微发酵规模的整个发酵过程中,跟踪了几个与葡萄酒酿造相关的代谢物的动力学。当使用 M. pulcherrima NS-EM-34 时,在预期的参数中得到了更好的结果,与单独使用酿酒酵母和与其他果胶酶和非果胶酶酵母(出芽短梗霉和耐热毕赤酵母)组合发酵的葡萄酒相比,甚至在大多数参数上都优于商业酶制剂。此外,M. pulcherrima NS-EM-34 在半工业规模上与三种不同的酿酒酵母菌株结合使用,证实了其在提高上述感官和技术特性方面的潜在应用。

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